Explaining The Pumping Action In A Heart Physical Education Essay

Explaining The Pumping Action In A Heart Physical Education EssayThe total is the most important pipe organ of the assembly line which keeps the other internal organs live by supplying note and atomic number 8 thusly making it a life maintaining organ. The objective of this stress is to explain the tickering action of the heart, transportation of oxygen by the cardiovascular transcription and how reduced simple eye persist base affect cardiac function. A treatment for this cardiac malfunctioning is in wish well manner explained. I will begin the essay by explaining the anatomical social system of the heart and then explain how the pumping action of the heart. The second part of the essay will include how the reduction in business menstruation great deal affect the cardiac function and finally a treatment to restore this problem will be explained.The heart is a life maintaining organ weighs almost less then a pound, b arly the size of the clenched fist and located i n the mediastinum of the throracic cavity of human body. The shape of the heart is the likes of a inverted cone which has a blunt tapered block that points to the leftfield hip and the base pointing towards the remedy shoulder. The heart crafts more stringent to the left that is nearly third of it and rest on the diaphragm in amidst the cardinal lungs. This is shown in figure 1 which shows the location of the heart.Fig.1 antecedent view of the heart in the mediastinumThe replete(p) heart is covered by a dense fibrous tissue called the pericardium which comprises of a dense junction tissue called the fibrous pericardium which protects the heart from over str etceteraing due to overweening filling, it also consists of the serous pericardium which forms deeper portion of the heart. The serous layer is further dissever into the parietal layer which lines the outer layers the and visceral layer which lines the innermost layers of the heart. A fluid which reduces friction is p resent in the pericardial cavity that separates these parietal and visceral layers. The below figure (see fig. 2 ) shows the different layers of the the pericardium.Fig.2 The pericardium and the Heart b rulehttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cardiopart=A1016rendertype=figureid=A1019As shown in the above figure (see fig.2), the heart hem in is composed of three different layers epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium. The epicardium which forms superficial layer of the heart wall consists of mainly adipose tissue. The endocardium forms the deeper layer of the heart and is filled with squamous endothelium and aerolar tissues. among these two layers lies the myocardium which is made up of cardiac muscles that help in the abridgement of the heart. Its relatively a wooden-headed layer as it helps the heart to manage its normal pumping action that is compression and expansion of the heart at standard intervals. On the outer surface of the heart on that point ma ny grooves and layers of fatty called the sulci.The heart is divided into four chambers which has two inferior sporadic pumps which discharge blood out of the heart called the right and the left ventricles and two superior primer pumps called the right and left atria receiving deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from the body and the lungs respectively. The ventricles be separated from each other by a relatively thick muscle called the interventricular septum but atria are separated from each other by relatively a thinner wall called the interatrial septum as it has lighter workload comparing the ventricles. The right ventricle has thicker walls comparing the left ventricle because it has to pump more blood during general circulation. The presence of heart valves pr even outts the back arise blood and hence ensures that blood flows effectively in one direction. at that place are two types of valves which are the atrioventricular (AV) valves and the semilunar valves. The AV val ves consists of the the angular and bicuspid (mitral) valves that are located on the right and left attitude of the heart between the ventricles and atria respectively. The semilunar valves on the other delve lie on the bases of aorta and the pulmonary arterial blood vessel. These valves consists of the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve. The angulate valve has thread like grammatical constructions that are connected to tendon like cords called the chordae tendinae. The anatomical structure of the heart and the heart valves is shown in figure 3.Fig.3 The heart and the heart valveshttp//yoursurgery.com/ProcedureDetails.cfm?BR=3Proc=24 split Flow Through The HeartThe blood flow by the heart is explained by the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Deoxygenated blood is numb(p) into the right atrium by the superior and the inferior vena cava. The closet in the right atrium increases forcing the tricuspid valve to open air and hence draining the entire deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle. The peck of blood in the ventricle increases and the maximum volume of the blood in the right ventricle after the contraction of the right atrium is called end diastolic volume (EDV). EDV is generally about 140ml. As the tricuspid valve closes the pressure in the ventricles increases. During this phase the ventricles contract but the pressure is non enough for the pulmonary valve to open hence allowing in isometric contraction as a result all the heart valves are unlikable during this phase and the volume in the ventricles remains constant. As the pressure continues to increase comparing the right atrium the blood forces open the pulmonary valve and the deoxygenated blood is pushed into the pulmonary trunk that divides into the pulmonary arteries. After the contraction of the ventricle that is the systole, the amount of blood remaining in the ventricle is called the end systolic volume (ESV). The balance between EDV and ESV gives the stroke volume (SV) that is the blood pumped out of the ventricles during a single heart beat. The pulmonary arteries carries the deoxygenated blood to the right and the left lung for oxygenation. at once the blood is oxygenated it is returned back to the heart by the pulmonary venous blood vessel. The pulmonary vein empties the oxygenated blood into the left atrium, hence completing the pulmonary circulation and as the pressure in this atrium increases the blood is drained into the left ventricle by forcing open the mitral valve. When the mitral valve is unopen the the pressure rises again comparing the left atrium and the blood is pushed into the aorta by opening the aortic valve. This oxygenated blood is transported to dissimilar split of the body to pick out out haemodynamic activities ( which includes the exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide with the blood ) . The systemic circulation is completed once the deoxygenated blood is returned back to the right atrium from different part of the body by t he venae caveae.Fig.4 Pulmonary and organizationic Circulation of the hearthttp//academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-1_cardiovascular_sy_c.jpgDuring the phase of the freshman diastole, the ventricular relaxation takes place as a result the semilunar valves are closed and also the AV valves are also closed during this time as a result the volume of blood in the ventricles remains constant, hence this phase is called the isovolumetric relaxation. The diagrammatic explanation of the cardiac musical rhythm is explained in figure 5.Fig.5 The Cardiac Cyclehttp//academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-11_cardiac_cycle_c.jpgCardiac Conduction SystemIn this system the pumping action of the heart is synchronised by the galvanizing military action of the heart. Electrical signals are generated by the sinoatrial (SA) boss which is the bodies natural pacemaker. This node generates pulses that propagate without the right atrium and through the Bachm anns bundle hence touch on both the atria. These pulses travel from SA node the to the atrioventricular (AV) node through legitimate paths known as internodal tracts. The AV node acts as a usher and prevents all the pulses to travel from the atria to the ventricles, hence make some delay in the excitation. From the AV node the signals travel through the Purkinje fibres that divides itself into right and left and excites both the ventricles. This process repeats and the contraction of the heart takes place.Transportation of Oxygen by cardiovascular SystemThe cardiovascular system is a dense network of arteries, veins, capillaries etc. which is involved in the transportation of blood gases to and from the mingled separate of the body. In this part I will talking about how the cardiovascular system transports oxygen to different parts of the body. The oxygenated blood which is pumped from the left ventricle is transported by the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery of the human body which is made up of several(prenominal) layers of the elastin fibers and covered by tranquil muscle. Blood flows in the arteries with high pressures hence these arteries aggrandize (vasodilation) and contract (vasoconstriction) thus helping to regulate blood pressure. The aorta bifurcates into various different arteries smaller in size carrying oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. These arteries further divide into arterioles whose diameter is much smaller comparing the arteries and are less elastic. These arterioles are made up of thick layer of smooth muscles and are controlled by the autonomic nervous system that control their diameter. Oxygenated blood now passes from the arterioles to the capillaries which are the functional unit of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are liable for the exchange of blood gases and other nutrients between different tissues and blood through the process of airing. As diffusion is the process by which gases or fluids flow f rom higher to lower concentration therefore at the capillary take the concentration of oxygen is more in the capillaries and on the other hand the concentration of carbondioxide is more in the tissue than in the capillaries therefore the diffusion of these gases takes place. Oxygen is diffused into the tissues and carbondioxide on the other hand is diffused into the tissues. This is how oxygen is transported to different parts of the body. This deoxygenated blood is collected from the venules which are connected to the capillaries. Theses venules conference together to form veins. Hence this deoxygenated blood is returned back to the heart for oxygenation and the entire process is repeated. The entire process of the transportation of oxygen by the cardiovascular system is explained in figure 6Fig 6 Blood flow and capillary exchange of oxygenhttp//www.patient.co.uk/health/Blood-General-Overview.htmEffects Of rock-bottom Coronary Blood Flow And Its TreatmentReduced coronary blood f low results in a condition known as ischaemia where the myocardiac tissue is deprived of oxygen due to inadequate blood flow. The inadequacy is caused by formation of localised plaques of lipids that protrude within the artery do a reduction in blood flow. As a result of reduced blood flow, there is a reduction in the level of oxygen which is required to carry out metabolic activities of the tissues. In ischemia the anaerobic respiration of the tissue results in the formation of lactic acidulent which leads to sever pain in the chest region. This pain is called angina pectoris. angina pectoris is classified into two types stable and unstable. Stable angina which causes pain in the chest region may arise from some physical activity ( running, jogging etc.). During these activities the need for oxygen is more to carry out metabolic activities in a faster rate compared to the supply of oxygen as a result anaerobic respiration of the tissues takes place and hence results in the fo rmation of lactic acids which causes this pain. In unstable angina there is a persistent pain in the chest regions this is because of the accumulation of platelets on the ruptured plaques which leads to the impedimenta of the arteries and hence create immense reduction in blood flow. dour unstable angina may cause myocardial infraction which eventually may lead to sudden death. There are many shipway to treat angina it may be either operative or non surgical ways. Surgical methods include coronary balloon angioplasty where a catheter is passed into an artery with a balloon at the tip of the catheter. The balloon is made to expand causing the artery to expand and hence breaking of the plaque of lipids in the artery. Another types of surgical method is the coronary bypass surgery where the close up artery is completely removed and replaced with a new one interpreted from different parts of the body. Non surgical methods include taking drugs that cause vasodilation such(prenominal ) as nitroglycerin which converts into nitric oxide and hence dilates the coronary artery causing an increase in blood flow. Beta adrenergic blocking receptors are used to reduce the heart rate and therefore causing a reduction in cardiac output. Other techniques that involve the use of calcium channel blockers that are used for vasodilation and hence helping the flow of blood. oddmentThe heart is a an electromechanical pump which carries out its action through pulmonary and systemic circulation. The pumping action is well synchronised such that there is proper blood flow within the heart and outside to carry out haemodynamic activities. The transportation of blood is carried by a system consisting various networks that are spread throughout the body known as the cardiovascular system. This system helps in the transportation of oxygen to different tissues in order to carry out different metabolic activities. The exchange of oxygen between tissues and the cardiovascular system takes place through a process called diffusion. The make of reduced blood are many and fire lead to a condition known as ischemia. Angina pectoris is one of the main problems that can cause due to reduced blood flow and hence causing a sever pain in the chest region and on sever reduction in blood flow it may even lead to myocardial infraction which ultimately leads to death. There are numerous treatments for curing this particular problem, it may be either through surgical methods which includes cardiopulmonary bypass and angioplasty or using drugs that increase vasodilation and decrease cardiac output. These drugs include beta receptors, calcium channel blockers and nitroglycerin.