How environmental threats are influencing federal and state governments Essay

Executive SummaryIntroductionEnvironmental threats be influencing federal and put forward g e preciseplacenments including separate agencies much(prenominal) as universities to passelvass how different societal and cheek aspects scum bag be incorporated into the plunk forability good example. short(p) exact inquiry exists on this topic and a paradigm reassign is attempting to mix and use natal cognition to inform contemporary environsal constitution decisions and executement solutions. Binthi Wambal original corporations case ruminate is an utilization of how complex this topic is.ContextParadigm shakes ar taking into condition handed-down bionomic familiarity (TEK) to be incorporated into sustainability frameworks in a context where little critical abridgment has taken place. Much of this democratic memory nark is a new-fangled methodology used to work with endemical groups play uping the uniqueness and complexities of incorporating these boldnes s organizes in spite of appearance legislative frameworks including the ethical preconditions and suspect towards establishments.Report Re get windsReviews of 3 imperative sources pertaining to autochthonic politics and sustainability show that thither is a dichotomy amongst western apprehension and Traditional bionomical Knowledge and that passports need to be taken into account for improved manipulatement. movement Study and Recommendations Binthi Wambal aboriginal Corporation (BWAC) operating(a) as a miniature cheek in a contrasted region, BWAC cause the ability to manage their affairs simply atomic number 18 under-resourced and does non receive an income to manage the go aways and problems that atomic number 18 be activeing their objectives to come upon their aims. This section addresses the issues and problems experienced by BWAC and what they would hold up to interchange to manage these problems.ConclusionThe critical review of governance issues a nd indicators of knowledge integrationcrosswise the types supports that autochthonal governance and endemic-driven co-governance be important brokers towards the integration of IEK and western science for sustainability of complaisant-ecological systems. This report spotlights that at that place atomic number 18 ch onlyenges towards achieving sustainability highlighting recommendations to take into consideration as evidenced with BWACs experience.IntroductionThis report reviews three authoritative journals pertaining to primary environmental, governance and affable aspects of sustainability to analyse the roles of stick and culture on reasonableness of attitudes towards behaviours pertinent to sustainability and business. First, an overview of the context reviewing the general lit on value, culture and sustainability pertaining provide be provided. Next, recommendations to link ethnical value systems and sustainability to improve relationships to modern governance, local anaesthetic anaesthetic council, various agencies and queryers for improved co-management systems go out be analysed. The case study of Binthi Wambal aboriginal Corporation (BWAC) as an enterprise lead be beated to highlight the complexities of this issue and describe a set of recommendations to change how the enterprise great deal manage ethnic differences in sustainability strategies.This case study illustrates the dilemmas and difficulties to achieve a consensus of cross- heathen work to local co-manager efforts to translate across knowledge systems and the knowledge-action differentiate. Environmental threats are influencing federal and state government including other agencies such as universities to investigate how other friendly and governance aspects can be incorporated into the sustainability framework. Little critical inquiry exists on this topic and a paradigm shift is attempting to integrate and use endemical Knowledge (IK) to inform contemporary environ mental policy decisions and management solutions. How can the interactions among scientific and autochthonal Knowledge (IK) systems be effectively negotiated for the joint management of favorable-ecological systems? This is an important question because on native earthly concerns where co-management efforts respond to pressing conservation agendas the contri n foreverthelession of scientific knowledge and IK is required to better understand and manage complex friendly-ecological systems.The integration of autochthonous Ecological Knowledge (IEK) and western scienceto stir ethnic alteration in the management of social-ecological system sustainability offers opportunities for autochthonic passels to engage with mevery alter approaches to environmental management. Within this context it is important to understand how organisations plan to sustain the whole system so that every ane can benefit for the generations to come. Factors such as the adaptive co-management context, the intrinsic characteristics of the inborn resources, and the governance systems affect the diverse actiones of cartel IEK and western science. Scholars of formulation live with debated and empirically tested that defend kingdoms therefrom provide a context in which many of the ideas and concepts are different. The overlap the burden of management responsibilities involve emerged as a potential new paradigm in natural resource mean with experienceing reconciling relationships with local stakeholders.ContextThe marginalisation and dispossession of natural peoples in Australia, until juvenile decades, is in addition attributed to the establishment of defend celestial spheres. Participation of autochthonal people in recent conservation planning and country management has enabled them to develop and humble governance and policy frameworks to recognise protected areas as part of natal land and sea country. The co-management of terrestrial protected areas and the de claration and management of Indigenous protected areas is an arena that Australian is inter studyly pioneering. Further policy and protocol reading has non progressed uniformly across Australia due to Achievement of practical, getful social and environmental benefits finished conservation agreements and activities. Implications of native title determinations over protected areas Recognition of Indigenous peoples rights and interests in marine protected area managementThis process has provided scope for recommendations for improvements to enhance the recognition, respect and rights of Traditional possessors as protected area co-managers for better social dimensions and responsibility. Across existing accommodative planning sets improved partnerships and communications are needed to enable Indigenous and non- Indigenous collaborators to share ways of enabling country- base planning and management to do in species and landscape conservation. hummocks (2006)framework and tabl e highlight the polar approaches to managements based on the Kuku Yalangi case study in the nettled tropics World Heritage Area ( vermiform appendix A). The conservation management literature in recent years has highlighted that co-management of parks and protected areas is important. Based on the experience of park managers struggling to integrate the protected area with the socio economical fabric of the surrounding region has supported the rationale for this approach to protected area management. This rich experience informs calls for co-management however, the theoretical rationale for an explanation of co-management, have been slow in realisation.Aspects, forces and ProblemsFour issues are identified for the incorporation of Indigenous value systems and how different cultures influence the social dimension, responsibility and modern governance. The process of interrelatedness has affected not only the articulation of primary identities, but in addition implicates the import ance of local cosmologies The practice of cultural differences, beliefs and set that reflects to soul behaviours represent their identity and organization The local community are themselves deeply affected by the growing saturation forms of knowledge, practice and values including socio cultural through colonial interference Modern governance and enactment affect conventionalistic beliefs and cultures learned from ancestors import 1 Interrelations and significances of Aboriginal identitiesIt is recommended that support be provided to Traditional Owners to continue their practices to incorporate their beliefs, values and culture, to sustain the community relationships and the social dimensions of each group of agency and government sector. It is important to assist them to frame of reference their capacity to ensure that these practices will be passed onto the next generational to elevate more sustainability in social and environmental aspects in the prox. The action take t o be delivered with respect to uphold the social dimension of the communities for improved governance.Issue 2 Cultural differences, beliefs and values over again it is recommended that respect be shown to somebody or organisations in order to achieve a sustainable environment or relationship. Good governance and leadership can deliver the social equity to achieve eachindividual or organisation goals or projects. Their information is thousands of years old and should be given the respect it deserves.Issue 3 Introduced influencesThe effects of colonialism has affected many Indigenous societies creating a wring and feelings of mistrust and caution with imparting Traditional Knowledge without compensation or recognition. It is recommended that Indigenous people be provided with support for capacity building, governance, Intellectual office rights and access to their country without exploitation. Issue 4 The influences of modern governance and legislation Indigenous people perceive cu rrent legislations, especially the Native appellation achievement 1993, as very racist that supports colonial practices to conquer and divide and therefore are very reluctant to partake in government conservation strategies. Financial support to deliver the projects is minimum and not guaranteed to be on-going. Green washing by the governments is also another change factor affecting Indigenous affaire. The land is very sacred and primordial to Indigenous people and the environmental schemes offered by governments are perceived as a carrot on a stick to coax people in to provide information for management plans to destroy the land for mining activities. demesne Councils are funded by governments to administer these ineffective schemes without any accountability. Bohnets (2009) coating of socio-logical planning framework on a holistic landscape in the Tully-Murray basin to test its transferability and effectiveness for knowledge integration in a pissing tint improvement planni ng context in the extensive obstacle Reef proved to be challenging that achieved rewarding results. The credit entry that social and ecological knowledge is a key issue and enquiry priorities in landscape ecology is supported by Bohnet (20091) who states that further seek into the roles of responsibilities of multi-stakeholder for knowledge integration in developing and managing sustainable land- and sea-scapes is recommended.Figure 1 Bohnets (2009) Flow of the adaption and operationalisation of the socio-logical framework for sustainable landscape planning to water quality improvement planning in the TullyMurray BasinReport ReviewsWe present a typology of Indigenous governance in environmental management derived through report review of 3 Australian journals, and consider its implications for the integration of IEK with western science. Our analytical framework is underpinned by sociological and rational choice institutionalism and which are differentiated by these three points (1) Active participation, incorporating participatory planning, combat with organizations, and coordination approaches (2) Indigenous engagement, Indigenous tuition and capacity building for intercultural purpose, incorporating purposes of environmental management (3) share power, incorporating decision making, defining rules, resource values and property rights. We attempt to scram solutions that are associated to Indigenous-driven co-governance Indigenous governed collaborations and agency governance agency-driven co-governance. We draw on the tactile sensation of saltation work to examine how interaction at the boundaries of scientific and IK systems can be managed effectively as a contribution to co-management.The case study of Binthi Wambal Aboriginal Corporation (BWAC) illustrates the work necessary for local co-managers to meld scientific and IK systems ensuring that management decisions are informed by the translation of knowledge. Attributes for effective implementin g planning in this case include (1) Translating the issues and problems and taking into consideration BWACs recommendations and objectives for participation in agenda setting and joint knowledge outpution. (2) Taking into consideration the recommendations presented in the reviews to broker interactions between knowledge systems that are supported by co-governance arrangements to ensure that boundary work remains accountable, and the production of collaboratively built boundary objects. (3) Providing BWAC with support to develop their capacity for improved business planning, governance, on-country planning and strategical planning. (4) Working directly with the organisation rather than curtain York ground Council and Balkanu.This will ensure integrity and that correct information is provided at the same condemnation providing BWAC with the capacity towards self-determination. Szabo and Smyths (2003) summary of the background to the establishment of Indigenous protect Areas (IPA ) in Australia of the legal and policy innovations on which they are based shows thatenvironmental and cultural benefits are inseparable. IPAs are managed and owned by Indigenous peoples and demonstrable collaboratively with federal, state and territory conservation agencies in accordance with IUCN categories that forms part of Australias national system of protected areas. Szabo and Smyth (20037) through workshopping found that benefits included getting Traditional Owners back on country, often after long absences Involving trail children in IPA field trips, transferring knowledge between generations and strengthening languages Re-establishing traditional burning practices, maintaining waterholes and reducing feral animal impacts Providing tuition and employment in managing countryPromoting renewed interest about caring for the country.They also write (20038)In addition to these formal joint management arrangements, most Australian states and territories have preparation for s ome Indigenous readment throughout their protected area systems. This might involve, for example, a commitment to consultation with Indigenous people, an Indigenous phonation on an advisory committee, some employment or responsibility for Indigenous heritage shelter. Indigenous people have consistently expressed the view that such arrangements do not adequately recognise their precondition as traditional landowners and they are seeking more meaningful involvement, especially at the decision and policy-making take. One feature that is common to all co-management arrangements is the overlook of opportunity for Indigenous groups to decide whether or not they wanted their traditional lands to become protected areas. Table 1(Szabo and Smyth 20039) shows a comparison of the main features of IPAs with co-managed protected areas in Australia.Table 1 Comparative features of Indigenous Protected Areas and co-managed national parks in Australia1. Altman, J.C. Sustainable learning Option s on Aboriginal arena The Hybrid Economy in the Twenty-First Century. CAEPR Discussion root No. 226, 2001. Challenges to broaden the notion of the economy and victimization toinclude the conventional economy Altmans objectives in this journal is clearly defined and summarised to highlight that there are challenges to understanding the dichotomy of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous sustainability. Working for the Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation in central Arnhem Land he proposes a model to converge his social science work with a number of biological scientists based at the Australian Research Council ARC Key focus on for Tropical Wildlife trouble at the Northern Territory University. He argues that to achieve this required a paradigm shift in ideological positions and notions of development that are entrenched in the market mentality that do not accommodate cross-cultural and sustainability issues.He successfully outlines the economic development problems that are faced by this f ringe group describing the hybridisation economy consisting of market, state and customary components that politicians, policy makers and Indigenous people and their representative organisations do not fully understand. These are the key immediate challenges that he raises for this shortfalling as cited from rogue 16 The first is to understand the nature of the economy, plan for sustainability, and nurture the hybrid economy in ways that mesh with Indigenous values. The second is to shift the political debate to ensure a recognition of customary contributions provided by Indigenous people to regional and national economies and industries, and ensure appropriate monetary underwriting by those who benefit, Finally, market opportunities in many remote localities are rare, so when new opportunities arise they must be quickly harnessed by Indigenous interests. It is imperative that newly emerging property rights (e.g. in tradeable ampere-second credits) are commercially realised not alienated as in the past.Overall, the article is concise, however it should be understood in a pioneering context. In summing up the concepts, argument and method used to show his evidence served its purpose to shed light on this topic to contribute positive approaches to confidence Indigenous and Non-Indigenous sustainability. His explanation to show that Indigenous contributions are quantified and should be prize in mainstream economies was achieved. His arguments provides an alternative pathway to improve the inadequate analytical approaches that bust to ask how develop based on market engagement be delivered to communities that are extremely remote fromlocational and cultural markets. In its context his suggested framework to understand the hybrid economy through hybrid analytical and skilful combination of science, social science and Indigenous Knowledge systems is plausible and partially relevant to BWAC.2. Smith, B. A Complex Balance Mediating Sustainable developing bla nket York Peninsula. The Drawing Board An Australian Review of Public Affairs, 2003. Recognising differences and compromising between Indigenous and non-Indigenous ways Smith accomplishes his objective to describe a sustainable development project in a remote rural Aboriginal community. He empirically examines through his field work in central chimneypiece York Peninsula (1996 2003) the differences and ongoing compromises between forms of social and political and economic organisations of Indigenous and non-Indigenous ways. His methodology effectively demonstrates that development intervention is likely to fail when it is not appreciative of differences between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous ideals and ways of doing things to improve human existent conditions. He illustrates that impacts such as colonialism and post-colonial impacts and policies such as self-determination and social welfare dependencies have contributed to the problems affecting good governance. Shifts in recent policy and research of engagement with economic, social, political and environment considerations were flawed and flagged traditional Indigenous values affecting development.On rogue 101 he writes this lack of engagement with Indigenous ideals and ways of doing things pervades Australias mainstream Indigenous discourse. Whereas the mainstream discourse, more on the face of it existent poverty and social problems take priority over cultural or symbolic dimensions of Indigenous life and of the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. He develops his arguments based on authoritative sources to support that intervention of foreign agencies would be more effective when they work with rather than against local values and practices. To support his argument he draws on his fieldwork to examine how a contemporary remote Aboriginal community is pursuing sustainable development and how cultural dimensions shape and constrain the communitys efforts.Incorporated into h is ethnographical approach a historical analysis showed innovative approaches that explained the corporations successes to involve the articulation of different cultural domains mainstream or Western and local Indigenouslife-worlds in its day-to-day operations, involving divergent aspirations and values. Aspirations included an emphasis on decentalisation and outstation development, land rights, the resourcing of activities on traditional lands, and town-based economic development, employment and training opportunities. Based on his observations, for Aboriginal autonomy to be successful the social and cultural dimensions of development projects need to be taken into consideration. Again, this paper has to be appreciated in the context that it was written as it is slightly overage and based on evidence when the movement towards Indigenous sustainable development was in the trailing stages.3. Smith, B. We Got Our Own Management Local Knowledge, Government and Development in Cape Y ork Peninsula, 2005. Indigenous perspectives of governance in Cape York Peninsula Again Smith relies on his fieldwork in Coen to examine the growing interrelationship of local knowledge and projects of government amongst Indigenous Australians. He relies on ethnographical material to highlight the tensions and complexities of land and natural resource management involving traditional owners. In analysing the ways in which the concept of management he demonstrates the growing interrelation of originally distinct indigenous and exogenous systems that has affected the articulation of Aboriginal identities and implicated in the current importance of local cosmologies. He sprucely entices the reader by telling a story of a come across about the Hendra virus threats and transferred from flying foxes to horses and humans between local traditional owners and Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (QPWS) Scientist.In contingent he relates how Traditional Owners version of cosmology that th e flying foxes come from the mouth of the rainbow snake did not agree with the scientist who told them that they flew up from Ravenshoe. His statement on page 6 conjures up this extremity for these men and women, the articulation of Aboriginal world views, including those about tied to local cosmologies, has provided a key means of asserting not only what they regard as fundamental differences between Aboriginal life-worlds and those social and cultural fields to which these external agencies are fundamentally orientated but also the necessary primacy of Aboriginal cosmologies and linked forms of social organisation in determining the character of local governance projects and natural resource management.Firstly, hesufficiently provides an overview of the governance of Cape York Peninsula by providing a historical analysis of the township and ties in an analysis of Indigenous conceptualisation of the innate. Next, his overview of the development of Indigenous involvement in natura l resource management demonstrates the problems associated with negotiating within this framework. He proficiently articulates the views and concerns of his participants and provides evidence that they were not happy with outside organisations based in Cairns working on their business as they felt that their self-possession was taken away from them. He writes the sense of localisation insists on the destiny if Aboriginal people representing themselves and the country with which they have personal ties. It further discriminates between forms of knowledge, decision making and practice held to be indigenous to a particular area and the people tied to that area under Murri Aboriginal law, and those forms regarded as exogenous.To achieve his overall objective Smith ties in the work and structure of Chuulangu Aboriginal Corporation situated on the Wenlock River and run by David Claudie who has been very successful in incorporating both Indigenous and Western approaches to cultural and n atural resource management as evidenced on their web page www.kaanjugaachi.com.au This inscription is very relevant to BWAC as aspirations and difficulties experienced with outside organisations are very similar to Chuulangu Aboriginal Corporation. Smiths account of governance in Cape York Peninsula is a very plausible and relevant document that policy makers, politicians and researchers should read to grasp an understanding to guide socio-ecological methodologies for better social dimensions and social responsibility in delivering projects. The Cape York experiences shares similarities with other Indigenous organisations lacking(p) to achieve the same goals, however, their issues and problems are uniquely different outside this region. model Study and Recommendations Binthi Wambal Aboriginal Corporation (BWAC)BackgroundBinthi Wambal Aboriginal Corporation (Indigenous Corporation Number ICN 4055) is an Indigenous Organisation that is registered with the Office of the Register of Indigenous Organisations as prescribed by the Corporations (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) Act 2006 (CATSI Act). As outlined in the Rule Book the objectives the corporation aims to achieve areReturnto their traditional landRe-establish their spiritual connection with the landWork their land in both the ancient way of the Aboriginal, and in the modern way of kine and crops Facilitate the training and education of the corporation members and their families and Establish self-sufficiency towards the future for the next generation.Binthi country is situated approximately 40 kilometres north of Cooktown on the McIvor River and comprises mixed tenure arrangements within the Guugu Yimithirr Nation (Appendix B). This corporation also manages the protection of the cultural sites within their territory and is aspiring towards self-sufficiency to develop their outstation. They are also very interested in participating in cultural tourism business to share and showcase their culture a nd country.Aspects or Issues and ProblemsOperating as a small organisation in a remote region, BWAC is under-resourced and does not receive an income to manage the issues and problems that are affecting their objectives to achieve their aims. Binthi people would like to develop strategies and management plans to protect their cultural and natural values that are increasingly affected by mining and pastoralism. With the associated problems of the current economic climate BWAC are keen to address these problems to assist them with funding opportunities and obligingness with the CATSI Act. In 1994 the Indigenous Land Corporation purchased Mt Baird Station for Binthi Traditional Owners and this did not include further support to develop or maintain the property. The rates to the Cook Shire Council are an issue as BWAC cannot undergo to pay and Hope vale Aboriginal Council have paid the great amounts and are currently leasing the property for a 10 year period. BWAC also hold lease tit les within the Deeds of Grants in Trust (DOGIT) land which is currently managed by a defunct organisation called the Congress of Clans set up and operated by the Cape York Land Council (CYLC) and Balkanu.The government transferred the title to this organisation in 2012 including over $7 million dollars in ex-gratia money of quick-frozen royalty funds from Cape Flattery Silica Mines and which has been misappropriated by CYLC and Balkanu. This iscurrently a very controversial issue and a study concern to all the Traditional Owner Groups within this boundary, as it impinges upon their rights and access to their country. An illegal and fraudulent process occurred whereby the traditional owners were not negotiated with and the rightful owners of Cape Flattery did not receive their monies. As the signatures were obtained fraudulently the protection of cultural and natural heritage for all involved is at stake.Finally, the community has 2 tiers of bureaucracy to deal with, including Loc al Government Authorities and the welfare illuminate imposed without free and prior informed consent. Partnerships and Cape York Institute that march on this are associated with Cape York Land Council and Balkanu and whose members and affiliates have been the perpetrators of violence that members of BWAC and the community have tolerated for many years. Ironically, they receive millions of dollars of funding from the government to roll out this architectural plan with Local Commissioners who all have criminal histories and no qualifications.RecommendationsIssue 1 Governance and strategic business planningIt is a priority that executable strategic business plans are develop to raise BWAC to a level to be competitive and eligible for funding opportunities to improve administration and governance matters. Regular meetings and reporting are required for compliancy with the CATSI Act and visit purposes. Funding opportunities to employ a Project Officer to oversee this is a positive outcome that will alleviate the pressures of these issues at hand. These are to be developed initially to then set in place recommendations to be implemented. In doing so, it is important that the business drivers be refined to enhance product quality, cost image and passion to make a difference. The vision and objectives may have to be revisited, so that it is short and realistic in an ever changing environment. The current position will also have to be reconsidered and bought into context, so that gap analysis can be undertake to develop strategies are developed in an action plan for every outline for implementation and review so that they can be improved. Binthi Wambal, Chuulangu and Dingaal Warra are all working towards the same vision and to do so will also involve exposing Balkanu and Cape York Land Council for corruption and fraud.It isrecommended that these organisations and others support each other and it is expected that the strategic business planning process to take o ne year to thoroughly complete. Issue 2 Rates for freehold property and tenure associated to Deeds of Grant in Trust lands To overcome the issue to become income BWAC must develop employment and training strategies in conjunction with possible crop and harvest economy, or other suggested ideas. In addition, partnerships with other stakeholders, such as Indigenous organisations, Local Government and government agencies, are recommended as the most practical way for support and to further advance fiscal problems. It is also recommended that legal advice be obtained on the tenure related problems for neutralization reaction to High Court proceedings and the Human Rights Commission and the International joined Nations Committees for breaches of human rights issues.The same applies to challenging the Welfare Reform Policies currently in place. Financial assistance for initiation start-up of $250, 000 is required to undertake this task and strategies developed to ensure that these outc omes are achievable. Approximately $10, 000 per annum is required for rate payments. The rates will be an ongoing issue and it is expected that the tenure issue can take approximately 1- 2 years to resolve. In the interim, whilst Hope Vale Council is managing the property BWAC can provide support. Within eight years BWAC can be resourced to be able to manage the property.Issue 3 dig ThreatsIt is necessary that BWAC develop a Cultural Heritage Management envision as prescribed by the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 (Appendix C) and exercise their right to negotiate with mining companies, as specified in section 29 of the Native Title Act 1993. This is beneficial so that agreements can be reached for the protection of cultural sites. Extensive mapping of the sites have occurred and entered onto the state database, however, as the Native Title are a skunk BWAC have lost their right to Balkanu and Cape York Land Council to negotiate any matters to their cultural heritage or fun ding opportunities for land and sea planning matters.These three pressing issues are affecting BWAC ability to function and the implication of the problems impinges on the development of their aspirations and poses perceived threats that require a gap analysis todevise strategies for an Action Plan for implementation and review. In addition to these dilemmas there are advantages to including IEK into socio-logical framework for sustainable landscape planning equation contributing towards a holistic and inclusive approach for improved social dimensions and social responsibility without Cape York Land Council involvement.ConclusionIn consideration of these issues and recommendation it is envisioned that BWAC can overcome these issues to implement their plans to achieve outcomes with the following objectives pass on a leading role in the community on issues such as climate change and sustainability. Ensure that strategic objectives of BWAC are relevant to the local, state and national business community and government. To raise the character and status and advance the interests of BWAC and those engaged therein. Establish and maintain a focused portfolio of activities of activities including research, provision of training, government and executive development programs, consultancy and other entrepreneurial initiatives. Ensure that BWAC delivers quality in all of its endeavours.Establish an agreed and acceptable system of executing review. Maintain a comprehensive knowledge of the external resources to optimise ongoing and future funding. Ensure that BWAC uses an appropriate and regular system of external and intrinsic communication To maintain contact and communicate with the governments of the Commonwealth of Australia and of its States and Territories and with local and municipal governing bodies and other public and private organisations on matters of concern to BWAC and to the wider community. To augment the confidence of the community in the development of BWAC projects and to ensure transparent accountability. To promote honourable practice and integrity to ensure the success of future projects.From our review of governance issues and indicators of knowledge integration across the types, we support that Indigenous governance and Indigenous-driven co-governance are important factors towards the integration of IEK and western science for sustainability of social-ecological systems. Distinct Indigenous cultural purposesunderpinning IEK, and benefits knowledge integration can be sustained by supporting Indigenous governance without, or with only a special requirement for power sharing. We conclude by promoting the reports reviewed be regarded as authoritative on the topic to test its general effectiveness in directing practitioners and researchers to develop robust governance for Indigenous knowledge integration of periphery groups in environmental management.ReferencesAltman, J.C. (2001), Sustainable Development Options on Aborigi nal Land The Hybrid Economy in the Twenty-First Century. CAEPR Discussion radical No. 226, Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR), Australian National University, Canberra Online, Available https//digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/40104/2/2001_DP226.pdf Bohnet, I.C. (2009), Integrating Social and Ecological Knowledge for Planning Sustainable Land and Sea Scapes Experiences from the Great Barrier Reef Region, Australia. Research Article, Landscape Ecology, DOI 10.1007/s10980-010-9504-z, Available http//link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10980-010-9504-zpage-1 Hill, R. (2006), The specialty of Agreements and Protocols to Bridge Between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Toolboxes for Protected Area Management As Case Study from the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Society & Natural Resources, 197, 577-599, Available http//www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08941920600742310.Uowc1-Kn6Ts Smith, B. (2003), A Complex Balance Mediating Sustainable Development Cape York P eninsula. The Drawing Board An Australian Review of Public Affairs, vividness 4, Number 2 November 2003, 99-115, School of Economics and Political Science, University of Sydney. Available http//www.australianreview.net/journal/v4/n2/smith.pdf http//caepr.anu.edu.au/StaffProfiles/Benjamin-Smith Smith, B. (2005), We Got Our Own Management Local Knowledge, Government and Development in Cape York Peninsula. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2005/2, Australian National University, Canberra. Szabo, S. & Smyth, D. (2003), Indigenous Protected Areas in Australia. In, Jaireth, H. and D. Smyth (Eds), Innovative Governance Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities and Protected Areas, pp 145-164. IUCN-sponsored by publication, promulgated by Ane Books,New Delhi. Available http//www.sbconsultants.com.au/index.php/reports-and-publications-mainmenu-41Appendix A Hills Conceptual framework for bridging two management toolboxes Kuku Yalangi versus Wet Tropics World Heritage AreaAppendix B Guugu Yimithirr MapAppendix C Cultural Heritage Study & Cultural Heritage Management Flow Chart