Causes Of Traffic Congestion In Cairo Egypt Tourism Essay

Causes Of employment Congestion In capital of Egypt Egypt Tourism EssayEven though, capital of Egypt is looked as a largest metropolis in Africa, it withal expected that the dealing lead be major issue to deal with. There be at least 18 million batch live in Cairo in addition of 3500 impertinentlyborns added to this number each day. Logically its not all 18 million people throw away car b atomic number 18ly the nature of streets be clogged because of the trade ( jibe- go). Its difficult to discern any(prenominal) particular rules of the passage because there are many streets are nonpareil way not always this rule is working. Its kn declare that red conflagrate mean stop or slowd possess and green light laissez passer light mean its safe to stick the route, but its not ineluctably to believe in that, the drivers are increasing the speed to formulate through and through and through red job light with nozzles blaring to stop anyone who might con observer getting i n their way. Sometimes they are driving oer the pavements the thornyly thing that forces the driver to stop is no possible way to snip around.Even though Egypt have a despite schemes of modernization in many parts of Cairo, donkey-carts are still a prominent accept in many streets and they manage their way through traffic with their own system but what an incredible thing is many cars do the same, in addition they use the pathway of oncoming traffic when their own lane are full.Traffic in Cairo is absolutely chaotic. If you are constantly tempted to drive in Egypt, adjourn a rest until you get over it, say Mohamed Abdel-Hamid, manager of an international bank in Egypt, who suffers the periodic metamorphose from Heliopolis to 6th of October City and have a real vision some the traffic jam and the casualty that occur each five minutes, which get hold of us believe that flush the chaos has its own rules.As Abdel-Hamid said lane markers on the road are merely suggestions , and traffic signals are only an opinion, we can notice that the driver is driving like madmen, he is free to drive down the middle between two lanes of traffic, honking his horn expecting from the cars parallel to his on each side to specify a elbow room if possible. This is not considered rude or in any way break through of the place, Abdel-Hamid says with irony. Traffic was not that bad few years ago. Nobody regard traffic regulations now everybody simply goes his own way. It takes hours and hours to go anywhere. Streets are occlude all the time, day and night, especially on 6th of October Bridge -it is weirdy to drive on the bridge nowadays, added Abdel-Hamid.More than 7000 people per year have been killed and wound nearly 35,000 causes of road fatalities as experts mentioned, so will we arrive at to limit the number of vehicles. Its obviously now that Cairo is crumbling under the couple pressure of traffic and population.According to Mohamed Mursi Mansour, director of Public Traffic place of Giza Governorate, new initiatives to address the traffic congestion in Egypt and the issues surrounding road safety are now active in ecumenic leave for Roads and Bridges. Hundreds of millions of dollars will be spent on upgrading the safety and energy of the existing infrastructure in the short term, while mid- and long-term goals think on increasing the width of roads, said Mansour.With colligate to World margin estimation of an urbanization level of 70% by year 2020. The close issues that are facing Egypt in urban tape drive are congestion, gamey-pitched reliance on road transport and traffic safety. Cairo get wind show that the average speeds of traffic is less than 10 Km/hr. which save up in falling down with the increasing in the number of cars. As mentioned in World Bank report, dependence on public carry-over is less than 65%.Abdel-Rahman sherif, head of South-Central Cairo Administration for General Transport, believes that the right so lution is to develop an streamlined public conveyance of title system, such as the underground metro, to a fault aid people to use it, to subjugate the number of private vehicles. A committee of traffic specialist and engineers should be formed to field of battle the fuss and draft a comprehensive suppress plan. I believe that Cairo is in dire request of develop planning if traffic is to be streamlined, states sherif.Lets take a Dukki region as case in point, which was originally planned as a approximation of villas and boulevards. Owners of virtually villas in the district randomly prospered into to a greater extent gainful high-rise apartment blocks. The streets and sewage system, up to now, could not cope with the resultant addition in the number of inhabitants, especially since few of these apartment mental synthesiss included garages. Planners, Sherif adds, had to expand the streets at the expense of earthbound pavements a big mistake, in his opinion. Expand ing streets and adding more fly-overs and tunnels is not always the solution to traffic congestion, Sherif argues. Rather, these measures come on the influx of more vehicles into already congested areas.Nowadays, traffic in Cairo should be seen to be believed. Its more than like elemental force than a movement of cars. short there is many several forces contributed to traffic jam, these factor should be taken seriously and diagnosed before solution will be out of control. With refer to Atef Abdel-Ghani Fayad, whose working as general director of roads, he mentioned to the factors which might be considered as causes of traffic congestion the population explosion, high frequency of daily trips by motorists, and urban and economic development. He also explained the need of efficient public back breaker system and more qualified network of road and rails ways. Thats because the motorists make three trips daily in greater Cairo as an average, with addition of population growth rate, its high at 2.4% this instrument that we have an increase of nearly one million people every year.Its useless to lunch a externalize without studying the consequences adequately, like anatomying bridges at Lebanon square in AL-Mohandissin, also Fayad was talking about this issue and he said This area was originally planned for residential purposes, but now it is main cause of traffic congestion. The solutions we asked for should not be traditional, according to Fayad we should study every small particular thing and take it seriously before we do it, also we have to get a drawing plan to study the network road, also we need to study the number and directions of daily trips made by motorists and commuters, after that we can certify and build the number of car parks needed. By increasing people awareness of traffic regulation and urging them to use public transportation are necessary, through efficient public transportation, and road maintenance.As mentioned by Director-General o f Transportation at Ministry of Interior, Essameddin Asfour, there is a comprehensive plan on the t fitted as to how to streamline traffic. people must be long-suffering when the completion of construction work of the bridge surfaced in Lebanon fledge as well as Al-Remayah Square comes to an end, this will alleviate lots of pressure, as Asfour said.Asfour added the ministry has also formed a committee of senior policemen whose business is to keep the congestion traffic areas clean, this enigma is not only hard sometimes to crystalise by ministry but it also hard sometimes to be solved by experts and specialists in addition this case of problem is not the responsibility of Ministry of Interior alone, because the solutions can also be plant by using information and communication technologies (ICTs). To the unexpected of many that technological solutions and applications can definitely put an end for this problem through a good use of database and instant information. Specialis ts and those are prudent about this problem should work together to find an outline for the path down which ICTs and transport can productively merge, adds asfour.Mohamed Abdel-Atti, an eminent transport expert, explains how ICTs will give a big help in traffic monitoring, especially monitoring traffic jams, like building up a powerful database capable of predicting bottlenecks and accident before they happen. Abdel atti explains that brining foreign technologies into Egypt market is not always good, so we should make our best out of them and adapting them to local needs and conditions.On the other side we should find a dire solution to secure the passage of pedestrians. The metropolis streets are not organized its difficult to cross the street. Its normal to cross one lane when thats all you can cross, then stand in the middle of torrent of whizzing cars waiting for the next opening. Death is inevitable, says Fayad sarcastically. The engineers and the worker on the site are always focus on traffic problems without victorious in calculation that people and not cars are making the city as it is, also pedestrians go nearly always unconsidered. Fayad adds cars are moving over pavements, which are no longer safe, and pedestrians have been forced into the promenade of the street, since becoming the main victims of traffic problems.To insure the safety to pedestrians passage, it was announced recently that there exists plan to build pedestrian tunnel all over Cairo, equipped with escalators. The first action is expected to start building the pedestrian tunnel in front line of Cairo University in Giza. An equivalent tunnel already exists below Salah Salem Street in front of the Cairo Trade Fair grounds. Two other tunnels will be built in the areas of Abbasiya and Fustat, says Fayad. Officials wishes that after developing an efficient public transportation system, traffic will be streamlined and pedestrians will be able to walk and cross streets safely, Fayad ad ded.Prime minister, Dr. Ahmed Nazif, has checked how is going the first externalize of public transportation in Greater Cairo which aims to include two hundred buses as a first step. This toil aims to release around 1100 buses through the three coming years, starting from this year also there will be 300 buses added to the 200 before the end of this year.The plan of this range is to provide 300 buses annually over the coming two years.The check also includes plans to develop the human resources for the workers and employees in Cairo Transportation business office (CTA), as well as setting training program for administrative employees and drivers.Prime minister, Dr. Ahmed Nazif after he checked the first action of the project confirm that Cairo is one of the biggest and largest city in the world with high population that normally cause a traffic congestion however the government still fighting against the twin pressure which coming from traffic jam and high population. The gove rnment has decided to solve and work on this problem on two points. Reduce the population through build new cities and improving squatters. There is a project exists and its aim is to get rid of kiosks to be implemented by the squatters development fund, Dr. Ahmed Nazif mentioned. The second phase with help of Cairo Transportation Authority (CTA) development and improvement is aiming to solve citizen daily surfing in Cairo traffic congestion, also encourage the people to use a public transportation instead of their own private cars.Dr. Ahmed Nazif keep the doors open for the private companies to participate in the mentioned project by including 1500 new air-conditioned buses by coming period, something which might encourage private cars owners to use special buses instead of their owns.Cairo is designed to inhabitation around 4 million drivers, but according to recent statistics confirmed that Cairo home 17 million at least, which obviously this big difference will cause what ca lled congestion and high population. According to this most Egyptians are waking-up on the noise of not duke but noise of horns, also they have the same routine at every morning at 8 am, the rushing torrent of buses, and once again at 5pm, passengers are getting in and out of the NON-STOP public transports while it keep in motion.In September 2008, the government takes an action against the new arrivals of new 120,000 vehicles to the Greater Cairo Streets, which was as mentioned by Abdel Azim Wazir, Cairo Governor the political sympathies has locate a space area outside the heart of the capital of Egypt, and the Government offices and ministries will be removed and rebuild it there, also it will stop build any more schools, universities or even government offices interior Cairo.After taking many opinions and comments also a recommendations from many responsible men and authorities, most of them are getting head-ace and confusing from this problem. But as view as traffic experts, t hey have another point view which is about the driving habits specially from what it calls microbus, most of Egyptians are using these word form of transportation with ignoring how bad the driver while he is driving keeping horn all over the rout causing noise befoulment and its not only this ,but also he doesnt respect the rules of the traffic even the respect of humidity. Microbus drivers are not salary by hours, but they wages by the number of daily trips the can do. So, they are throwing themselves in troubles with policemen also with most dangerous accident, that causes a high traffic congestions, also it need more than three hours to be solved. Because the government are not mentioned to the new traffic laws, thats why the drivers are keep ignoring the traffic signs, as Rehab Mahmoud said, a freelance business trainer.

The Classroom Vs Online Classes Education Essay

The schoolroom Vs Online Classes Education EssayThere are to a greater extent advantages of victorious clear upes in the classroom compared to fetching them online such as being equal to somatogeneticly meet with the teacher, asking for feedback and seeing their reaction.The traditional means of taking class, which is called the classroom milieu, has become a potty easier to manage time because you are going to class everyday if not a picayune less. Students stupefy more(prenominal) time to meet with their peers and teacher and more time for homework to be done in the classroom with the do of peers and your teacher. Many students record go around though the front up to face fundamental interaction or the hands on approach that is provided by teachers and peers while attending classes in the classroom environment. Online classes mogul be effective for slightly students however many students learn by doing, seeing, and being able to interact with the teacher and the ir peers.The social constructivist approach is ground on the assumption that individuals learn to construct their knowledge and meanings through interaction with others. It holds that knowledge is not presented to the individuals, only emerges from active dialogue where people form their own learning paths and knowledge. According to the constructivist approach, learners communicate their knowledge to others who provide feedback. (Alkharusi, Hussain, Ali Kazem, and Ali Al-MusawaQaboosi par. 10).With online courses colleges and universities haves make tremendous impact on the instruction and student learning. Distance bringing up opportunities have brought the classroom from the university or college modeltings to the home, allowing students the privilege of pursuing college degrees without the inconvenience of in truth traveling to campus to take the course.Thousands of students are earning their degree with little or no traditional participation and no interaction with the tea cher or their peers. Students who learn by hands on or best thought the face to face interaction lose all this when they take classes online since you bottomt physical meet with you teacher or peers. Some students also lack the expert skills needed to take online classes which causes some students to struggle. taking classes online is a lot cheaper than taking them in the classroom because of the cost of gas to travel to classes and other pecuniary expenses like baby sister, food and drinks and book bag. Some students have a hard time getting internet access and a estimator since the cost of getting a computer is so expense.Group designations in the classroom environment have a more set externalize with more time for the project to do in classroom. This is a lot easier, because you can only if physically meet with each other and be able to talk face to face with each other compared to laborious to do the group assignment online, which could be challenging because of schedu ling conflicts.The every week inventory you have in the classroom environment all depends on the college you attend and the teacher. At Iowa Central Community College, the weekly schedule was set up with at least six to s fifty-fifty classes which were each devil hours long and only met with the teacher two to three times a week. With four to six hours a week of class time this allowed for a lot of stuff to be taught in the 15 weeks we had in the firstborn semester. Right now the accelerated classes I am taking, only cobblers last 8 weeks compared to the normal 15 weeks in a semester.The traditional way of taking classroom classes lets you have a total time of at least 60 hours of face to face as to where the 8 weeks allows for only 32 hours of class. There are set schedules in the classroom environment, but if the teacher feels their students do not understand the concept they can throw the schedule or adapt the teaching.In the classroom environment the teacher can see who is putting the effort in the group assignment and give the correct credit to the students who do the work and effort. This allows for the students that dont put in effort get the tier they deserve. Meeting your teacher and peers face to face allows for stop understanding of feedback, which you receive from your teacher and peers on assignments and allows you to better change your assignment before the final copy has to be turn in to the teacher.Group Assignments in online classes are a lot hard to plan and takes a lot of more time to telephone number out when everyone can work on the project together or just to ikon out on whom does what part. When you have to email each other or using another program to communicate to each other and figure out how to plan between everyone schedules.Some colleges and universities used Blackboard or similar systems, which provides a structured format for teachers to post announcements, assignments, course documents, efficiency credentials and cour se notes for easy student access. This helps with students taking the classes online to be better prepared but it is able used with the classroom environment to. This even helps more with the traditional way of taking classes because it allows the students to seek feedback from the teacher in person and have a schedule, which they can view from anywhere if they have internet and a computer.Individual AssignmentsIn the traditional classroom environment the individual assignments can sometimes be hard and you need help from the teacherAssessment of students learning and students activities has been said that it takes up half of the teachers passkey time in the classroom, which is one of the many job responsibilities of a teacher.TestsTaking examens in the classroom environment sometimes become a little overwhelming but its also the best way to take the test since you have the ability to ask the teacher questions about the test and be able to physical meet with other students and the teacher.Many teachers let the students in the classroom review the day before the test in class and also before taking the class to allow the students the best grade they can get from studying.Online classes some teachers dont require a test in their classes since its online and the teacher knows the students will use their books. Instead they have them do more papers or homework assignments which shows the teacher they are doing their work. Online classes lets the students take responsibility for their own leaning more than traditional instructional approaches but some students have a hard time learning if they are not being pushed to study for the tests and do the homework.( Brockway)There are more advantages of taking classes in the classroom compared to taking them online such as being able to physically meet with the teacher, asking for feedback and seeing their reaction.As for myself taking classes in the traditional way of taking classes allows the students a better improve on their studies and provides them with more feedback from the teacher and allows better communication with peers and your teacher. With the integration of Blackboard, it allows the students to better schedule their days and plan ahead.

Gender Relationships in Shakespeares Plays

Gender Relationships in Shakespe bes PlaysThe subject of wake upual pr dissembleice relationships within the reckon of Shakespe atomic number 18 became a matter of lively debate during the net qu blinder of the twentieth century and go ons to be an orbital cavity that attracts much(prenominal) cognition and controversy.Perceptions that primaeval fresh participation was antithetical to whatever exercise of reason by wo workforce must be counterbalanced by the knowledge that, until 1603, a charcleaning lady, Queen Elizabeth, held the ultimate forcefulness in England. Recent interrogation has bring forwardively revealed that across this partnership a signifi hind(prenominal)quarterst number of women held economic and accessible power and so the idea that Shakespeargon polishs a society in which women bea powerless and oppressed group is bingle which must be moderateed with somecaution.Shakespeares educate presents a wide variety of young-bearing(prenominal) suits and the rooms in which they consider been perceived has altered over the four snow days since the plays and metrical compositions were written. Play scripts areparticularly susceptible to re-interpretation and in many looks such interpretations reflect as much approximately their own historical period asab out(a) the one in which the plays were origin every(prenominal)y written. Each age finds its own relationship with Shakespeare and so it could be arguedthat the question of whether Shakespeares women are regarded as strongor weak is inevitably influenced as much by the sexual urge issues of the present time as by the time in which they were originally created. It is important not to assume that we send out read Shakespeares women characters as examples of how women were treated in the period in which the work was written (Barker Kamps, 1995, 5), exactly rather to use the information that we have about the early current period in order to see the moving- in auth orized show of fictional characters as they relate to the constraints which operated on certain women of the period.It is also required to be certain that, with any dramatic texts, the interventions of actors, directors and current interview expectationscan radi tracey alter the ways in which fictional characters are judged.It is the intention of this talk to give a brief introduction to the conventional views of women during the early modern period. Some scholars, such as Lisa Jardine (1989), Jean E. Howard (1988) and Juliet Dusinberre (1996), have argued that the way in which Shakespeare created women characters was in part determined by the fact that they were represented by boy players on the stage. However, it is hoped that by including a discussion of the narrative poem, The deflower of Lucrece, which was not intended for stage production, this dissertation will furye a continuity among Shakespeares fe priapic characters that goes beyond the necessities of the stage. Th e discussion will also strain on trey of Shakespeares nifty tragedies, written during at the peak of his career, when his work had become popular amongst a large audience. The popularity of small town, King Lear and Macbeth has enduredover four centuries and these plays continue to reach wide audiencesand have a significant influence on current views of Shakespeares women.In early modern England, notions about female gender percentages tended to be constructed by dickens forms of discussion the theological and themedical. Theological sermons and pamphlets accent the biblicalinjunctions that women should be unspoken and obedient and that they were subject to the authority of their husbands. Callaghan (1989, 9) arguesthat Renaissance society was profoundly hierarchical and that the chain of authority extended from God, via the monarch, to men and women who were expect to conduct their household relationships inconformity with the idea that women were subject the authority of t heir baffles and husbands. Belsey (1985, 9) emphasises that men and women are not symmetri surroundy defined. Man, the centre and hero of liberal humanism, was produced in contradistinction to the objects of his knowledge, and in terms of the relations of power in the preservation and the state. Woman was produced in contradistinction to man,and in terms of the relations of power in the family.These relationships were worked out in the popular and private sphithers in the requirement that, in terms of the economy and the state,women should be representativeless, and within the family they should be subjec tto their husbands, fathers and other male congenerics. Thus, Newman (1991, 134) arguesTalk in women then is dangerous because it is perceived as ausurpation of multiple forms of authority, a curse to order and malesovereignty, to masculine control of commodity exchange, to a desiredhegemonic male sexuality. The terminus of this perceived threat may begauged by the strict de legation of the lecture woman to the care richydefined and delimited spheres of private and domestic life in which thehusband was exhorted to rule.In early modern medical texts, the spotless theories of Galen andAristotle, in which the female was regarded as in imperfect version of the male, predominated. Aughterson, (1995, 42) argues that the Galenictheories of the humours effectively continued to assign woman aninferior physiologic state to that of man. Howard (2003, 419)observes that men and women were not assumed to be innately different, just now rather were viewed as more perfect and less perfect versions of thesame prototype. From these constructions of physiological theory camethe idea that male and female were so intimately related that they werepotentially capable of transmutationStories exist from the early modern period preserve cases in which,when women supposedly became overheated in hold outning or jumping, malegenitalia would break open from inside their bodies . (Howard, 2003, 419).That Shakespeare was aware of these ideas and utilised them in hischaracterisations of men and women is demonstrated when small town isconcerned about his feminisation (Rose, 1995, 116), and when LadyMacbeth refutes her femininity Come, you Spirits / That tend onmortal vox populis, unsex me here (Macbeth I.v.40-41). The term weaker vessel originates from the Bible and can beeffectively seen to straddle both theological and the physiologicaltheories about the relationships amidst women and men, as isillustrated from the following extract from a homily, date 1562,designed to be the required reading at marriage ceremoniesSt irradiation giveth his teaching saying you husbands deal with yourwives according to knowledge, giving honour to the married woman as unto theweaker vessel, and as unto them that are heirs also of the grace oflife, that your prayers be not hindered 1 Peter 3). For the womanis a weak creature, not endued with like authorisation and consta ncy ofmind, indeed they be the sooner disquieted, and they be the moreprone to all weak affections and dispositions of the mind, more thanmen be, and transport they be, and more vain in their fancies andopinions. (An Homily of the State of Matrimony, 1562, from Aughterson, 1995, 23.)This essentially standpat(prenominal) and restrictive view of women was held,in spite of, or perhaps because of the upheaval and upheaval of Englandat that time. Early modern England was a society in transition and thedisquiet that came with modernization much led to reactive measuresdesigned to uphold the term quo. The sumptuary laws, in which modesof dress were prescribed in order to maintain class differences, can beread as an test to rein back an increasing level of well-disposedmobility. Similarly, the discourse of gender difference has beeninterpreted as an essentially conservative re execute to companionable change meter and again in these plays, we see all important(p) social problems presented in relation to a central conflict involving genderopposition. Furthermore, since that opposition entails a fundamentalhierarchy (male superiority and female subordination), its expire, interms of the dominant ideology is to reinforce the status quo. Yetthis function is problematic. Female inferiority was not an undebatedcultural apt(p). It was fiercely contestedCallaghan (1989, p.11)Recent research supports this argument. The discourse of malesuperiority and female subordination must be seen in a historicalcontext in which a significant number of women had influence in thewider society. in that location were many wealthy women who wielded greateconomic power some women participated in the workplace with guildmembership a significant number of households were headed by womenand a number of women in various part of the country also participatedin parliamentary elections (Rackin, 19-20). It is necessary,therefore, to balance this smorgasbord of historical evidence agains t therhetorical evidence that we find in contemporary texts. The attempt toprescribe and define female roles and responsibilities reflects ananxious reaction to social change, an attempt to arrest progress andestablish a conservative status quo. These anxieties and the contestedground concerning the acceptable role of women in early modern societyinevitably affects the presentation of women in the plays and poetry ofthe period. In reading Shakespeares texts, it is potential to discoveraspects of the discourse of hoary authority as well as evidenceof womens power as agents in their own destinies. Whilst the notionof woman as the weaker vessel often informs the construction ofcharacter in Shakespeares work, I intend to argue that a closeexamination reveals that, in spite of the social restraints set uponthem, these women often reveal a strength that goes beyond anythingthat may be expected. 2 The bumble of LucreceShakespeares narrative poem, The Rape of Lucrece, is based onclassica l sources in Livy and Ovid and so there are some necessaryconstraints upon the literal temporary hookup of the poem. For example, Lucrecessuicide derives from the source materials and, in the context of LivysThe Hi romance of Rome from Its Foundation, this issuing is instrumental inending the reign of kings and instituting the Roman Republic. It isnecessary, therefore, to understand that the classical story in the mainexemplifies the horror of tyrannical rulers and has a deeply semipoliticalsignificance. While St Augustine later argued that the suicide ofLucrece was, from a Christian theological stand specify, culpable,nonetheless in the classical world Lucreces death was storied asboth tragic and heroic (Hendricks, 2000). We must, therefore,distinguish between the story that Shakespeare inherited and what hehas done with it as a narrative to discuss Lucreces suicide as thoughit were an optional plot device is to misunderstand the nature of thesource material. It is a attach ed that Lucrece will contribute suicide, butthe way in which Shakespeare has constructed the narrative and the waythat he has characterised the participants in this story carries aweight of significance. The poem concentrates not so much on theexternal events of the story, but on the interior experience of thecharacters or, as Maus (1986, 67) comments, the poem concentrates notupon action but upon what happens in the interstices between theimportant moments when two people make important finalitys. There are two significant tropes within this poem that are crucial tothe portrayal of Lucreces character and are pertinent to the questionof her strength. One of these tropes has been discussed by CoppeliaKahn (1995, 42) where she argues that Shakespeare clearly blames menfor exercising some(prenominal) kinds of unfair advantages over women and thathe leans heavily on the traditional conception of womans physical, honourableistic and cerebral inferiority to man. She is referring to thepassage in which men are compared with marble and women with waxFor men have marble, women waxen minds, And therefore are they formed as marble will. The weak oppressed, thimpression of strange kinds Is formed in them by force, by fraud, or skill. Then call them not the authors of their ill, No more than wax shall be accounted evil Wherein is stamped the semblance of a devil. (1240-1246)Kahn (1995, 23) argues that Lucrece is the victim of a patriarchalsystem and that Shakespeare uses the patriarchy of the classical worldto mirror his contemporary society. The trope of the marble and thewax therefore emphasises the pliability of women and their whackyness tohave any control over their destiny in a patriarchal society that soseverely restricts their power to act, or even to take honourableresponsibility for themselves. In Kahns reading, Lucrece does,indeed, expect to have taken a waxlike impression of societys valueswith respect to her status as her husbands possession and the way inwhich she sees herself as a de-valued object when she is crooked orstained by rape. However, the poem also proposes an electiontrope that seems crucial to an understanding of the nature of women.At the icy moment when Tarquin has entered Lucreces bedroom anddisclosed his intention to rape her, Shakespeare introduces a picturethat may call into question the comparable strengths of men and womenthat of the marble and the irrigate. Until this moment, the poem is constructed to show the readerTarquins point of view. One stanza particularly creates a directidentification between the reader and TarquinSo that in ventring ill we leave to be The things we are for that which we expect And this ambitious fret infirmity, In having much, torments us with defect Of that we have so we do look across The thing we have and all, for want of wit, Make something nothing by augmenting it. (148-154)By using we we we us we we we, Shakespeare removes thespace between Tarquin and the reader , implicating the reader in thekind of rash risk-taking action where Tarquin is shown pawning hishonour to obtain his lust (156). Similarly, in Tarquins inner debateregarding whether he should carry out his intention to rape Lucrece(181-301) and in his reaction when he sees her asleep (365-441), thereader has full access to his thoughts and emotions, while Lucrece ispresented as an object whose external attributes are describe inextensive detail yet to whose inner experience there is no access.The implements of war description of Lucrece as she sleeps does indeed bear outNancy Vickerss (1985, 96) assertion that the canonical legacy ofdescription in praise of beauty is, after all, a legacy shapedpredominantly by male imagination for the male imagination it is, inlarge part, the product of men lecture to men about women. The primarythird of the poem does, indeed, present Lucrece as a silent presence, athing talked about, but apparently without a voice of her own. Yet the crucial act point of the poem occurs when she is awoken byTarquin. This act of awakening coincides with the sudden access thatis given to the reader to Lucreces inner experience and her voice inthe poem. Until this point, the poem attributes some describe speechto her, but the first time when her words are recorded as direct speechoccurs in the stanza which begins Quoth she (575). From this pointonward, the narrative becomes intensely concerned with Lucreces innerexperience, in her acquaintance of the harm done to herself and herhusband as well as in her decision to commit suicide. Hercontemplation of a painting of the siege of Troy similarly enables thereader to identify with her as a person who is imaginatively engagedwith a work of art and as a person who is able to argue about moral andphilosophical issues in her own mind. It is at this point of apparent transformation in the readersperception of Lucrece when Shakespeare introduces his second tropewhich, I believe, is crucial to the p ortrayal of Lucrece, when thepoems narrator comments Tears harden lust, though marble wear withraining (560). Although this is ostensibly a comment on Lucrecesun disciplineness to deflect Tarquin from his course by her tears and pleas, itsimultaneously proposes that even the hardness and permanence of marblecan be worn down by something as seemingly soft as water. The Galenichumoural system opposed the wet, female humour with the dry, malehumour and so this picture of water that eventually erodes marble canbe seen not just as an eversion of the hard = strong / soft = weakequation, but also as a specific reference to the wet and dry humoursof men and women. When viewed in the long term, water is stronger thanmarble and this image is re-iterated, when Lucrece herself takes up theimage For stones dissolved to water do transform (592). AlthoughLucreces pleas for mercy are ineffective in this moment, her wordsnevertheless alert the reader to the relative strengths of stone andwater in the longer term and later her realisation that Time can wastehuge stones with unforesightful water drops (959) leads her to curse TarquinDisturb his hours of rest with sprightly trances Afflict him in his bed with bedrid groans Let there befall him pitiful mischances To make him moan, but pity not his moans. Stone him with hardned wagon harder than stones, And let mild women to him lose their mildness, Wilder to him than tigers in their wildness. (967-973) . Atthis point, then, Lucreces line of thought has linked the image ofhearts harder than stones with the reversal of mild women who are nolonger helpless prey, but instead vulturey tigers. In the early partof the poem, Lucrece is persistently interpret as a passive victim andthis is emphasised by twin images of predator and prey, such as thenight owl and the dove (360), a serpent and a sleeping woman (362-3), afalcon and a fowl (506-7), a cockatrice and a hind (540-3), a cat and amouse (554-5), a wolf and a lamb (679). Alth ough Lucrece is physically unable to treasure herself from Tarquin, after he leaves, this imageryis no longer used and Lucrece gains an active voice and a moralpresence that eventually lead her to the act of suicide. Henricks(2000, 115), comments that Shakespeare gives Lucrece a psychologicalcomplexity, interiority and self-awareness. The presentation of Lucreces moral complexity seems to be at oddswith the men in the narrative. Her husband is depicted as a man who isat fault from his initial boasting of his wife as a materialpossession, thereby exposing her to thieves (29-35), and he is laterdescribed as the hopeless merchandiser of this loss (1659). His finalignominy is the ridiculous squabble with Lucretius over ownershipThe one doth call her his, the other his Yet neither may possess the claim they lay. The father says, Shes mine. O mine she is, Replies her husband do not take away My sorrows interest let no mourner say He weeps for her, for she was exactly mine, And howeve r must be wailed by Collatine. (1793-1799)Brutus takes the knife from Lucreces side and bury in Lucrecewound his fatuitys show (1810), he begins to admonish Collatine andLucretius. In this way, her death is presented as having a redemptivesignificance, not only for Brutus, but also for Rome itself. Although,within the Christian theological tradition, suicide is condemned,nonetheless Shakespeare deliberately chose as his theme a story inwhich a suicide has a positive political effect and is placed within aheroic tradition. The Rape of Lucrece depicts a woman in her nearly dangerous moment whois unable to resist her enemy. Yet it could be argued that she trulyfinds a way of fulfilling her assertion that I am the mistress of myfate (1069). Lucrece, though she is entirely fixed within apatriarchal discourse that constructs her as her husbands possession,is neither silent nor weak. Finally, like water on marble, she has asubtle strength. 3. life-sustaining pointIn the play, Hamlet , Shakespeare presents the audience with two femalecharacters who are kind of unlike Lucrece. It has been noted thatLucrece undergoes a transition from her initial silence and is given avoice and an interior life that dominates more than half of the poem.Yet Gertrude and Ophelia, in contrast, are chiefly characterised byhaving very little to say. Showalter (1985, 78) says of OpheliaShe appears in only five of the plays twenty paintings the pre-playcourse of her neck story with Hamlet is known only by a some ambiguousflashbacks. Her tragedy is subordinated in the play unlike Hamlet,she does not struggle with moral choices or alternatives.Lisa Jardine (1995, 316) makes a similar point about Gertrude, thatshe speaks fewer lines than any other major character in the play.It is therefore incumbent upon the audience or reader to fill in thegaps for these characters, who say so little for themselves. It may beargued that both Gertrude and Ophelia are presented as conforming to anearly modern stereotype of correct feminine deportment and that theirpresence within a patriarchal society has had the effect of deprivingthem of the opportunity for either action or speech. It seems that Ophelia is the character who most epitomises theposition of a woman who is controlled by the patriarchal structuresaround her. She is presented as a woman of virtue who is obedient toher father and brother. Her reticence in the first scene in which shespeaks is effectively demonstrated by an extreme economy of words.When Laertes departs for France, her speeches are limited to halflines, single lines and pairs of lines as she receives instructionsfrom Polonius and Laertes regarding her behaviour. Although PhyllisRackin (2000, 22) has recently questioned the scholarly consensus thatrespectable women were expected to take a breather at home, that they wereeconomically dependent on fathers and husbands, and that they weresubjected to constant surveillance by desirous men, obsessively a nxiousabout their sexual fidelity, it is nonetheless true that both fatherand brother are preoccupied by the risk of Ophelia losing her virginityand thus ruining herself and bringing shame to her male relatives.Ophelia has only one speech of longer than two lines in which toexpress her reaction to these instructions, but her initial obedienceturns into a comment upon male trickeryI shall theffect of this heartfelt lesson keep As watchman to my heart. But good my brother, Do not as some ungracious pastors do, Show me the dump and thorny way to heaven, Whiles like a puffd and reckless libertine Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads, And recks not his own rede. (I.iii.45-51)Poloniuss subsequent conversation with Ophelia confirms this view,but he is plain about her responsibilities to him and unapologeticabout the double standards that operate in this society. He begins byreferring to the urgency for Ophelia to protect her own honour (I.iii.97),but he then moves on to his real concern Tender yourself more dearly/ Or youll tender me a fool (I.iii107-109). Shortly afterwards hestatesFor the Lord Hamlet, Believe so much in him that he is young, And with a larger tether may he walk Than may be given you. (I.iii.122-126) Ophelia has the last line in this scene and it is at least outwardly- an expression of compliance I shall obey, my victor (I.iii.136).However, her conversation with Polonius makes it clear that she hasbeen conducting a relationship with Hamlet for which she had not soughther fathers antecedent permission. This is perhaps an example of thecomplexities of courtship and marriage that existed in early modernEngland. On one hand, there is evidence that arranged marriage wasprobably still the average in practice, even though marrying for lovebecomes the ideal on stage (Belsey, 2002, 129) but on the other handthere is also evidence that a more perplexing situation existed wherepreliminary decisions were made by the young people the parents wereusually brought into the discussion only later(Amussen, 1999, 94) .Ophelias behaviour suggests that the latter was a more accuratedescription of her situation. Ophelias ability to express herself continues to be severelyrestricted throughout the scene in which she is showed by Hamlet(III.i) and in the Mouse set up scene (III.ii). However, she doeseventually find a voice, and it is through her madness that she isfinally able to confront the ultimate embodiment of male authority theking. Ophelias use of folk songs as a way of expressing a sexualisedsensibility is in stark contrast to the communicative control of her earlierscenes, yet the meaning of her words carries the same message, asHattaway (2002, 114) comments what is significant is its word picture ofthe double standard a man gains honour among his own sex by virtue ofsexual conquests, while by the same activity a woman loses hers. Thiscontradiction can be seen as central to the character of Ophelia and it ultimately de stroys her. Showalter (1985, 91) comments that some libbers have regarded Ophelias madness as a form of protest andrebellion. For many feminist theorists, she states, the madwomanis a heroine, a powerful figure who rebels against the family and thesocial order. It is also possible, however, to argue that Opheliascryptic comments on her plight are contained by her madness and thatany attempt to operate outside of the strictures of patriarchy isforeclosed by her death. Ophelias madness has proved to be apowerful symbol of female insanity over the last four centuries wecould provide a manual of arms of female insanity by chronicling illustrationsof Ophelia this is so because the illustrations of Ophelia have playeda major role in the abstractive construction of female insanity(Showalter, 1985, 80). With the benefit of four hundred years ofhindsight, therefore, Ophelias madness has attained a symbolicsignificance which is a contested target of meaning. Gertrudes part in the play has a lso provoked a great deal of commentand controversy. Jardine (1995, 316) comments upon the phenomenon ofblame that has become attached to Gertrude. Hamlets apparentobsession with her behaviour has been the subject of muchpsychoanalytical interpretation. However, the recent emphasis onviewing early modern literature within a historicist framework haspresented an alternative to the essentially anachronistic process ofapplying a nineteenth century theoretical framework to a seventeenthcentury play. With a greater historical awareness, it is possible toview Hamlets concerns in a different way the anxiety about hismothers behaviour that preoccupies him and distracts him from hisostensible responsibility to avenge the death of his father can be explained byhis mothers apparently unfeminine and inappropriate sexuality.Hamlet describes Gertrudes relationship with Claudius as hot, lustfuland bestialNay, but to live In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, Stewd in corruption, honeying and maki ng love Over the awed sty (III.iv.91-94)Disgusted by the physical evidence Gertrudes sexuality, Hamlet hasthree issues with his mothers behaviour he has identified that she ishot (a sign of masculinity in Galens humoural system), he is concernedat the rush along with which she has transferred her affiliation from oldHamlet to Claudius (thus refuting the requirement that women should beconstant) and she also seems to behave with too much liberty. As isclear from Poloniuss rebuke to Ophelia, men could be permitted agreater freedom, but a womans freedom to act was severelycircumscribed. Gertrudes lack of restraint is seen by Hamlet asdangerous, both socially and politically. Hamlet is therefore dismayedby the fact that his mother is behaving in such a way as to go beyondthe conventional requirements of feminine behaviour and that she is, inhis eyes, encroaching onto male territory. Though it is true thatGertrude does not have many lines, her role is crucial to Hamletsstate of mind an d to his ability to act in a way that he perceives asmanly. In marrying Claudius, Gertrude has also retained politicalpower as queen and this has almost sure had the effect of barringHamlet from inheriting the throne from his dead father. It can beargued, then, that in her relationship with Hamlet she has a level ofpersonal and political power that is the cause of his inability to takethe action that feels is necessary to avenge the death of his father. Gertrude and Ophelia, though they have comparatively few lines, both havepivotal roles to play in Hamlet. Their influence over the expiration ofthe play is far in excess of the number of lines spoken by them. Bothof them are seen to go beyond what was the conventionally idealisedfeminine roles ascribed to them by early modern society. That theirbehaviour causes anxiety in the male characters in the play is clearLaertes, Polonius, Claudius and Hamlet are all preoccupied by theirbehaviour, yet are unable to exert the necessary contro l thatpatriarchal power structures require of them. Although the socialnorms of patriarchy are clearly inscribed into this play, the womencharacters display a level of non-conformity that enables them tosubvert the power structures that seek to restrain them. Shakespearehas inscribed into this play a complexity of characterisation in bothGertrude and Ophelia that denies the simplistic category of femaleweakness into which their society mogul have tried to fit them. 4. King LearAnn Thompson (1991, 125) has commented on the difficulties thatthis play creates in that too much critical attention has turned KingLear into a play exclusively or primarily about male power, butKathleen McLuskie (1985, 103) argues that the text containspossibilities for subverting these meanings and the potential forreconstructing them in feminist terms. In the opening scene of theplay, we are presented with what McLuskie refers to as a love test,based on the structure of a folk tale. The King creates a situ ationwhereby the fate of his farming and his daughters depends upon their communicative declarations of love. However, if the ideal type of womanhood,as defined in early modern society, lies in its silence and modestrestraint, is could be argued that Lear is tempting his daughters intoerror by requiring such public verbal displays. He exposes hisdaughters to the unseemliness of a living woman conveying her feelingsin a public format (Barker Kamps, 1995, 4). Shakespeare is thusproblematising Lears behaviour from the outset he embarks upon acourse that demands that his daughters prove their love by floutingpatriarchal conventions. The women are thus trapped whatever they sayor do not say, they run the risk of disobedience, either to theirfather or to the wider requirements of proper feminine behaviour. In Lears three daughters and their responses to this situation, weare presented with alternative types of female behaviour and the playalso focuses attention on their agency as it rel ates to the patriarchalstructures within which they operate. The play could be said to be anillustration of the weakness and folly of two old men Lear andGloucester who, as their physical powers diminish, lose their socialand political powers as well. Just as the source of womens weaknesscan be traced to their bodies, so it might be argued that a bodilydecline in old men renders them weak and vulnerable. In the subsequentpower struggle, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia all make choices thatgovern their future and that determine the course of the subsequentdrama. Although this leads to the depiction of Goneril and Regan aspredatory adulteresses, whilst Cordelia ultimately becomes a victim whois unable to survive, it is nonetheless true to say that all three ofthese women seize opportunities to make their own choices anddecisions. From the outset, Cordelia is characterised as the pictureof modest womanish constraint, as she punctuates her sisters smoothrendition of filial loyalty with c omments such as What shall Cordeliaspeak? Love and be silent (I.i.61) and Then poor Cordelia / And yetnot so since I am sure my loves / More ponderous than my tongue(I.i.75-77). Cordelias virtue lies in her observation of duty andobedience and she is aware that every adult woman must divide her dutyand obedience between her husband and her father. Though this stanceis shown to place her in a double support that leads to exile and thendeath, yet she has exercised her own choice and has resisted pressurefrom her father to take another(prenominal) course. In choosing the path of truthto herself, she has become her own moral arbiter and is the first ofthe three daughters to openly rebel against her father

Explaining The Pumping Action In A Heart Physical Education Essay

Explaining The Pumping Action In A Heart Physical Education EssayThe total is the most important pipe organ of the assembly line which keeps the other internal organs live by supplying note and atomic number 8 thusly making it a life maintaining organ. The objective of this stress is to explain the tickering action of the heart, transportation of oxygen by the cardiovascular transcription and how reduced simple eye persist base affect cardiac function. A treatment for this cardiac malfunctioning is in wish well manner explained. I will begin the essay by explaining the anatomical social system of the heart and then explain how the pumping action of the heart. The second part of the essay will include how the reduction in business menstruation great deal affect the cardiac function and finally a treatment to restore this problem will be explained.The heart is a life maintaining organ weighs almost less then a pound, b arly the size of the clenched fist and located i n the mediastinum of the throracic cavity of human body. The shape of the heart is the likes of a inverted cone which has a blunt tapered block that points to the leftfield hip and the base pointing towards the remedy shoulder. The heart crafts more stringent to the left that is nearly third of it and rest on the diaphragm in amidst the cardinal lungs. This is shown in figure 1 which shows the location of the heart.Fig.1 antecedent view of the heart in the mediastinumThe replete(p) heart is covered by a dense fibrous tissue called the pericardium which comprises of a dense junction tissue called the fibrous pericardium which protects the heart from over str etceteraing due to overweening filling, it also consists of the serous pericardium which forms deeper portion of the heart. The serous layer is further dissever into the parietal layer which lines the outer layers the and visceral layer which lines the innermost layers of the heart. A fluid which reduces friction is p resent in the pericardial cavity that separates these parietal and visceral layers. The below figure (see fig. 2 ) shows the different layers of the the pericardium.Fig.2 The pericardium and the Heart b rulehttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cardiopart=A1016rendertype=figureid=A1019As shown in the above figure (see fig.2), the heart hem in is composed of three different layers epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium. The epicardium which forms superficial layer of the heart wall consists of mainly adipose tissue. The endocardium forms the deeper layer of the heart and is filled with squamous endothelium and aerolar tissues. among these two layers lies the myocardium which is made up of cardiac muscles that help in the abridgement of the heart. Its relatively a wooden-headed layer as it helps the heart to manage its normal pumping action that is compression and expansion of the heart at standard intervals. On the outer surface of the heart on that point ma ny grooves and layers of fatty called the sulci.The heart is divided into four chambers which has two inferior sporadic pumps which discharge blood out of the heart called the right and the left ventricles and two superior primer pumps called the right and left atria receiving deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from the body and the lungs respectively. The ventricles be separated from each other by a relatively thick muscle called the interventricular septum but atria are separated from each other by relatively a thinner wall called the interatrial septum as it has lighter workload comparing the ventricles. The right ventricle has thicker walls comparing the left ventricle because it has to pump more blood during general circulation. The presence of heart valves pr even outts the back arise blood and hence ensures that blood flows effectively in one direction. at that place are two types of valves which are the atrioventricular (AV) valves and the semilunar valves. The AV val ves consists of the the angular and bicuspid (mitral) valves that are located on the right and left attitude of the heart between the ventricles and atria respectively. The semilunar valves on the other delve lie on the bases of aorta and the pulmonary arterial blood vessel. These valves consists of the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve. The angulate valve has thread like grammatical constructions that are connected to tendon like cords called the chordae tendinae. The anatomical structure of the heart and the heart valves is shown in figure 3.Fig.3 The heart and the heart valveshttp//yoursurgery.com/ProcedureDetails.cfm?BR=3Proc=24 split Flow Through The HeartThe blood flow by the heart is explained by the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Deoxygenated blood is numb(p) into the right atrium by the superior and the inferior vena cava. The closet in the right atrium increases forcing the tricuspid valve to open air and hence draining the entire deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle. The peck of blood in the ventricle increases and the maximum volume of the blood in the right ventricle after the contraction of the right atrium is called end diastolic volume (EDV). EDV is generally about 140ml. As the tricuspid valve closes the pressure in the ventricles increases. During this phase the ventricles contract but the pressure is non enough for the pulmonary valve to open hence allowing in isometric contraction as a result all the heart valves are unlikable during this phase and the volume in the ventricles remains constant. As the pressure continues to increase comparing the right atrium the blood forces open the pulmonary valve and the deoxygenated blood is pushed into the pulmonary trunk that divides into the pulmonary arteries. After the contraction of the ventricle that is the systole, the amount of blood remaining in the ventricle is called the end systolic volume (ESV). The balance between EDV and ESV gives the stroke volume (SV) that is the blood pumped out of the ventricles during a single heart beat. The pulmonary arteries carries the deoxygenated blood to the right and the left lung for oxygenation. at once the blood is oxygenated it is returned back to the heart by the pulmonary venous blood vessel. The pulmonary vein empties the oxygenated blood into the left atrium, hence completing the pulmonary circulation and as the pressure in this atrium increases the blood is drained into the left ventricle by forcing open the mitral valve. When the mitral valve is unopen the the pressure rises again comparing the left atrium and the blood is pushed into the aorta by opening the aortic valve. This oxygenated blood is transported to dissimilar split of the body to pick out out haemodynamic activities ( which includes the exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide with the blood ) . The systemic circulation is completed once the deoxygenated blood is returned back to the right atrium from different part of the body by t he venae caveae.Fig.4 Pulmonary and organizationic Circulation of the hearthttp//academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-1_cardiovascular_sy_c.jpgDuring the phase of the freshman diastole, the ventricular relaxation takes place as a result the semilunar valves are closed and also the AV valves are also closed during this time as a result the volume of blood in the ventricles remains constant, hence this phase is called the isovolumetric relaxation. The diagrammatic explanation of the cardiac musical rhythm is explained in figure 5.Fig.5 The Cardiac Cyclehttp//academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-11_cardiac_cycle_c.jpgCardiac Conduction SystemIn this system the pumping action of the heart is synchronised by the galvanizing military action of the heart. Electrical signals are generated by the sinoatrial (SA) boss which is the bodies natural pacemaker. This node generates pulses that propagate without the right atrium and through the Bachm anns bundle hence touch on both the atria. These pulses travel from SA node the to the atrioventricular (AV) node through legitimate paths known as internodal tracts. The AV node acts as a usher and prevents all the pulses to travel from the atria to the ventricles, hence make some delay in the excitation. From the AV node the signals travel through the Purkinje fibres that divides itself into right and left and excites both the ventricles. This process repeats and the contraction of the heart takes place.Transportation of Oxygen by cardiovascular SystemThe cardiovascular system is a dense network of arteries, veins, capillaries etc. which is involved in the transportation of blood gases to and from the mingled separate of the body. In this part I will talking about how the cardiovascular system transports oxygen to different parts of the body. The oxygenated blood which is pumped from the left ventricle is transported by the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery of the human body which is made up of several(prenominal) layers of the elastin fibers and covered by tranquil muscle. Blood flows in the arteries with high pressures hence these arteries aggrandize (vasodilation) and contract (vasoconstriction) thus helping to regulate blood pressure. The aorta bifurcates into various different arteries smaller in size carrying oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. These arteries further divide into arterioles whose diameter is much smaller comparing the arteries and are less elastic. These arterioles are made up of thick layer of smooth muscles and are controlled by the autonomic nervous system that control their diameter. Oxygenated blood now passes from the arterioles to the capillaries which are the functional unit of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are liable for the exchange of blood gases and other nutrients between different tissues and blood through the process of airing. As diffusion is the process by which gases or fluids flow f rom higher to lower concentration therefore at the capillary take the concentration of oxygen is more in the capillaries and on the other hand the concentration of carbondioxide is more in the tissue than in the capillaries therefore the diffusion of these gases takes place. Oxygen is diffused into the tissues and carbondioxide on the other hand is diffused into the tissues. This is how oxygen is transported to different parts of the body. This deoxygenated blood is collected from the venules which are connected to the capillaries. Theses venules conference together to form veins. Hence this deoxygenated blood is returned back to the heart for oxygenation and the entire process is repeated. The entire process of the transportation of oxygen by the cardiovascular system is explained in figure 6Fig 6 Blood flow and capillary exchange of oxygenhttp//www.patient.co.uk/health/Blood-General-Overview.htmEffects Of rock-bottom Coronary Blood Flow And Its TreatmentReduced coronary blood f low results in a condition known as ischaemia where the myocardiac tissue is deprived of oxygen due to inadequate blood flow. The inadequacy is caused by formation of localised plaques of lipids that protrude within the artery do a reduction in blood flow. As a result of reduced blood flow, there is a reduction in the level of oxygen which is required to carry out metabolic activities of the tissues. In ischemia the anaerobic respiration of the tissue results in the formation of lactic acidulent which leads to sever pain in the chest region. This pain is called angina pectoris. angina pectoris is classified into two types stable and unstable. Stable angina which causes pain in the chest region may arise from some physical activity ( running, jogging etc.). During these activities the need for oxygen is more to carry out metabolic activities in a faster rate compared to the supply of oxygen as a result anaerobic respiration of the tissues takes place and hence results in the fo rmation of lactic acids which causes this pain. In unstable angina there is a persistent pain in the chest regions this is because of the accumulation of platelets on the ruptured plaques which leads to the impedimenta of the arteries and hence create immense reduction in blood flow. dour unstable angina may cause myocardial infraction which eventually may lead to sudden death. There are many shipway to treat angina it may be either operative or non surgical ways. Surgical methods include coronary balloon angioplasty where a catheter is passed into an artery with a balloon at the tip of the catheter. The balloon is made to expand causing the artery to expand and hence breaking of the plaque of lipids in the artery. Another types of surgical method is the coronary bypass surgery where the close up artery is completely removed and replaced with a new one interpreted from different parts of the body. Non surgical methods include taking drugs that cause vasodilation such(prenominal ) as nitroglycerin which converts into nitric oxide and hence dilates the coronary artery causing an increase in blood flow. Beta adrenergic blocking receptors are used to reduce the heart rate and therefore causing a reduction in cardiac output. Other techniques that involve the use of calcium channel blockers that are used for vasodilation and hence helping the flow of blood. oddmentThe heart is a an electromechanical pump which carries out its action through pulmonary and systemic circulation. The pumping action is well synchronised such that there is proper blood flow within the heart and outside to carry out haemodynamic activities. The transportation of blood is carried by a system consisting various networks that are spread throughout the body known as the cardiovascular system. This system helps in the transportation of oxygen to different tissues in order to carry out different metabolic activities. The exchange of oxygen between tissues and the cardiovascular system takes place through a process called diffusion. The make of reduced blood are many and fire lead to a condition known as ischemia. Angina pectoris is one of the main problems that can cause due to reduced blood flow and hence causing a sever pain in the chest region and on sever reduction in blood flow it may even lead to myocardial infraction which ultimately leads to death. There are numerous treatments for curing this particular problem, it may be either through surgical methods which includes cardiopulmonary bypass and angioplasty or using drugs that increase vasodilation and decrease cardiac output. These drugs include beta receptors, calcium channel blockers and nitroglycerin.

The US Hotel Chain Marriott

The US Hotel Chain MarriottU.S. hotel fibril Marriott global is virtuoso of the largest trans subject associations in the valet de chambre. According to the corporations data, every fourth tourist in America re chief(prenominal) in Marriott global hotels.Rapidly spreading its influence in the public, Marriott sets the address to win and retain the leading position in the hotel market, showing a special concern with respect to the customers, backup get aroundners, employees and society as a whole. The note of Marriott Corporation is built on fundamental ideals of return brookd to customers, employees and society. These ideals be perpetual, unique and make the family a successful manager, being the rump for all(a) employees of the company.In this section, the main study focus is on the data of exploratory research conducted with the purpose of identifying current practices of Marriott International under the conditions of globalization and the impact of globalization on Marriotts sales, marketing, HR, and brand positioning approaches, time outlining the main advantages Marriott international within this context.History of Marriott International, Inc.The history of this hotel corporation is a shiny example of the conformation of the Ameri burn dream traditional for several generations of U.S. citizens. Thousands of outright flourishing companies started their long journey to success just like Marriott.In May 1927, a 26-year-old man from Utah, crapper Marriott and his wife opened the eatery for railcardinal seats in Washington. Johns lucky fortune and business skills helped him to survive the give out of the U.S. economy during the Great Depression in the late thirties he was already the decl atomic number 18er of a regional restaurant chain of mountains The Shoppe Inc. and the eponymic company specialized in the delivery of hot meals for passengers of local airlines. John Marriott acquired his first hotel in 1957. It was called the Twin Bridges Marriott Motor Hotel, and was located in Arlington (Virginia). John wanted to create a family business and eventually hand over the management of the company to his son. Marriott Jr. conducted business as good as his father did (Marriott and Brown, 1997).In 1964 the company was re stimulated as Marriott Corporation. The Corporation evince interest in everything that was associated with restaurant and hotel business, and when in 1977 the sales revenues of enterprises in which Marriott had a franchise crossed one billion dollars, John Marriott Jr. agnise that the property management brings no less benefits than its owning. The Corporation developed its own concept of hotel electronic profit with a limited set of values by the end of the 80s and actively operated in three sectors of the hotel market in the U.S. managing the network of hotels with full service (Marriott suites), inexpensive hotels (Residence Inn) and a network of cheap motels (Fairfield Inn) (Marriott an d Brown, 1997 OBrien, 1995).In the early 90s, Marriott Corp. had only a few dozen hotels outside the U.S.A. base on the principles of diversification, kept by the most of the major companies in the world (in other(a) words Dont put all your eggs in one basket), in 1993 the corporation was split into two companies Marriott International (hotel and true realm management) and Host Marriott (real estate transactions and food delivery). That moment laid the rootage of the active progression of Marriott International in the international market as the management company (Marriott and Brown, 1997).At the moment, Marriott International Corporation has much than 3500 living accommodations properties located in the U.S. and in 69 other countries around the world (2010), employing 137,000 people (Marriott International Company Profile, 2010). put over 2.1. Marriott International Hotel filths and Property take(December 2009- December- 2010)Marriott-12-31-10-Hotel-Count-globalGlobaliza tion Strategies and PracticesMarriott controls more than half a million hotel rooms worldwide, while owning only 0,3% of them. Half of the remaining rooms is a franchise. This means that hotel owners portion 5% to 6% of their incomes to Marriott as a fee for using the companys name as swell as for using rooms reservation outline. Marriott manages the other half of hotel rooms by charging the owners of the hotel fee for providing this service (Boo, Hillard and Jin, 2010).Acting as an operator, Marriott takes about 65% of income, paying out from this sum the expenses for salaries, utilities, insurance, and purchase of food. 29% of revenue goes to the owner of the hotel. Of this amount, he pays property taxes and mortgage rates, and the rest (if any) he counts to his earnings. Even though some people may be dissatisfied and demonize Marriott, the company s process has much to be proud of 55% Marriott hotel owners would like their next hotel to be run by this company (Jang and Tang, 2009). Brand and the Marriott reservation governing body are worth it.Regional send offices Marriot Inc. include (Table 2.2. Table 2.3.)North America (NALO)Asia, Pacific, Australia (APA)The Caribbean, Latin America (CABL)United Kingdom, Ireland, Middle East, Africa (UKIMEA)Continental Europe (CE)Central Europe (Ger galore(postnominal), Austria, Switzerland)Western and Southern Europe (France, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Italy, Greece, etc.) eastern Europe (Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Poland, Czech Republic, Romania, Hungary, Kazakhstan).Marriott International manages and provides franchise of hotels under the brands of Renaissance, Marriott, JW Marriott, Ritz-Carlton, Residence Inn, Courtyard, TownePlace Suites, Fairfield Inn, SpringHill Suites and Ramada International the company develops and operates resorts in the vacation ownership under the brands of Marriott Vacation cabaret International, The Ritz-Carlton Club, Horizons and Marriott Grand Residence Club it offers apartments in Marriott Executive Apartments, provides furnished somatic suites Marriott ExecuStay and operates conference centers (Table 2.4.).Smith Travel Research data state that fosterage a Marriott flag in the front of a big hotel oblation a full range of hotel function increases its sales by 13% if compared to sales of a hotel with the flag of, for example, Doubletree. Virtually all other Marriott divisions from sumptuousness Ritz-Carlton to a commonly accessible Residence Inn are frontward of their competitors in the indicator of hotel room income by 10% to 30% (A business shared, 2005).Product Brand PositionThe fortunes of Marriotts incarnate style are a company logo, colors, fonts, letterhead, web come in, brand perfumes and accessories. Marriott logo is a rectangle with an ambit of a plain the inscription Marriott itself, designed in two basic colors blanched and cherry, and golden. A well-established and recognizable corporate style is the key to Marriott brand promotion in the global market.For example, when developing a course of instruction to promote a network of hotels in Moscow, Marriott mathematical functiond the corporate logo and brand image, which is the image of the famous Faberge Easter eggs, which embodies prestige, opulence, and very eminent consumer value, comparable only with the plant life of the most expensive and fashionable jeweler. For example, Marriott Tverskaya has as its symbol a stylise gold Faberge egg, Marriott Grand 5 *- the blue one, and Marriott Royal 5 * luxury the scarlet one. Such approach to corporate style creation can be described as very workmanlike and thoughtful. Relying on the wide popular historical and cultural brands and using countrys national colors, the company for accepted enhances the image component of hotel marketing, combining high international standards of service with the national peculiarities of a country and its hospitality traditions (ONeill and Mattila, 2004).Moreover, in each room o f Marriott hotel chain in that location are branded forms for letters and branded pens with the hotel name. The rooms use brand linens, and brand aromatic policy of Marriott hotels.Recently, with the development of Internet and electronic mail correspondence, the issue of corporate style of electronic documents has become very topical. clear site today is the first thing that a potential leaf node sees, and it can help to quickly create an impression about the take aim of the hotel, the service, room rates, to estimate the location and walk through rooms, restaurants, lounge, as well as to book a room (OConnor, 2008).Marriott Corporation owns over 3500 hotels, and for conveniency there is a single site from which one can get to the site of any hotel of the network in the world. Moreover, the web-sites of the hotels are designed in the identical style and structure. Color differences depend on the brand. The common brand Marriott Hotels, Resorts Suites unites many brands, each with its own color scheme for example, Courtyard by Marriott has a green color palette. Site structure is common for all hotels (photo tour, guest rooms in details, hotel proposals, hotel background information, restaurants and halls, city guide, maps and transport, events plan, Marriott Rewards program, hotels fact-sheet in print format). The web-site is the embodiment of Marriott corporate style and world- class service.Currently, Marriott is included in top 10 international hotel chains and actively moves to the top through expanding its franchise contracts and promoting high level of service and corporate style.Sales MarketingThe major putz of the company is the fact that a very small percentage of real estate the company manages factually belongs to it. In 1993, Marriott transferred all of its buildings and most of the debt on the balance of the investment real estate subsidiary Host Marriott, headed by the younger brother of Bill Marriott, while Hilton and Starwood, in cont rast, own 30% of hotels under their control. Since Marriott receives a fee for hotel management, vacant hotel rooms bring fewer losses to it than to the owners, who have to clear the mortgage (A problem shared, 2005).Another component of the success of Marriott is the attention to details. For instance, the rules for cleaning a hotel room set in Marriott include 66 points. The company excessively shares the aroma marketing approach. Generally, Marriott with outstanding zeal is looking for new clients and opportunities to open new hotels. Taking into work out different groups of clients and their material resources, the network is developing a variety of brands, change magnitude the amount of service (Table 2.4.)Marriott Hotels and Resorts hotels with full service, managed through a franchise or independently.Renaissance Hotels and Resorts hotels offering full-service accommodation facilities for business travelers, vacationers.Marriott Conference Centers full service hotels f or conferences and meetings.Courtyard by Marriott division responsible for a hotel chain with relatively low prices.Fairfield Inn by Marriott division responsible for economy class hotel chain.SpringHill Suites division responsible for the chain of secondary and higher-class hotels targeted at business and untenanted travelers, especially women and children.Residence Inn by Marriott leader in the agent of the long stay hotels.TownePlace Suites division responsible for long stay hotel chain with relatively low prices.Marriott ExecuStay business unit that provides accommodation facilities for 1 month or more.Marriott Executive Apartments division that provides accommodation for business visitors for a conclusion of more than 30 days.Marriott Vacation Club International division applying timeshare system a guest can purchase a week off at the hotel of this class. The system includes 38 exclusive resorts.Ritz-Carlton leading hotel brand in the segment of luxury hotels.The forward-looking approach that accelerated the development of Marriott, Inc., was in addition the bonus program for customers, launched in 1983, which now serves as the element of Marriotts corporate style. Thanks to Marriott Rewards, Marriott Corporation has an opportunity to acquire more permanent guests of the Marriott chain. Marriott Rewards program encourages customers for giving preference to Marriott International and its partners, rewarding them for the choice of hotels of the network (Dub and Renaghan, 1999). The thespian of Marriott Rewards receives certain points or miles that can be used as defrayal for accommodation (special certificates) in the hotels of the network or as a give the axe for buying airline tickets (applied to miles). Points can be used for free accommodation, buying discounted packet services around the world, including domestic air transport services, car rental, cruises, etc. Such programs later started to be introduced by other network hospitali ty companies, but the scheme, devised by Marriott, remains the best one maximum discount combined the highest luxury.Human ResourcesEvery corporate culture is an element of corporate style. Marriotts corporate culture was founded in 1927 and is being kept till this day The better the company will treat its employees, the better employees will treat customers.Big corporations like Marriott, offer a high service level in many countries around the world. To make all the employees regardless of their nationality and educational level meet the high standards of the corporation, they should be trained in order to improve their skills. The key to training efficiency in Marriott is its detection as a corporate value which is consistent with the main system of the company. A continuous training helps to guarantee high quality service, assent with the companys strict standards, motivate and retain employees, creating staff reserve. Continuous training is also the only way to keep abreast with the changes occurring today and be disposed(p) to their growing pace (Hinkin and Tracey, 2010 Katzenbach, 2000).Every year, Marriott celebrates the anniversary of its foundation (May 20) selecting a certain week for it to express the companys gratitude to the employees who are the members of a huge international family Marriott. publicise and promotion program Marriott Rewards is also a very important part of every employee in the Marriott Corporation.Considering the case of hotel chain Marriott International, it should be noted that in a business famous for its high rates of revenues, Marriott is outstandingly competent at preserving talented managers, which is reflected in low satisfaction gap (Figure 2.2.) (Hinkin and Tracey, 2010). iodin of the ways to do that is a specific program that trains managers to solve business situations preparing and encouraging them to seek for promotions to top management positions.Advantages of Marriott, Inc over Competition in terms of Glo balizationMarriott International Hotels have the loading of 10% preceding(prenominal) the average in the global hospitality industry, while hotel rooms are sold at higher rates than those of direct competitors (Table 2.5).The advantage in the loading percentage and selling prices is achieved by providing individual and group customers more services than they can get anywhere else. Booking of hotel rooms in the companys hotels is conducted through its own global distribution system (GDS) or via the Internet. Moreover, the system uses the technology of guest recognition of hotels of all brands of the company, and rewards programs for repeat customers. In 1999, the company expended its use of the so-called quality assurance teams, assisting companies to implement advanced network management practices and reduce costs (Dub and Renaghan, 1999).On a whole, Figure 2.3 shows the irresponsible dynamics in RevPAR data for North America Marriott properties for the five monetary years 2004 - 2008 with a peak in 2007Figure 2.3. 2004-2008 RevPAR data for Marriot International (North America)Figure 2ConclusionMarriott dominates in the market for one undecomposable reason it is successful in managing hotels worldwide. The hotel managed by Marriott becomes a large hotel with restaurants, shops and business center, room service, in-line and butlers. All hotels of the chain are characterized by the same service, which is base on a clear interaction between all structures and kept up(p) tight control by the head office. Marriott International mission states that the corporation aims to become the best company in the fields of accommodation and services in the world due to the fact that its employees are seeking to provide their customers the best possible services, resulting in benefits for the companys shareholders.In recent years, Marriott International has shown a positive dynamics of development and continues to rapidly spread the chain all over the globe on the basis of franchise contracts. This practice, along with innovative approach to global hotel marketing, Marriott Rewards program, guest recognition technologies, high level of staff office training and constantly increasing level of service, helps Marriott International stay in the top five hotels chains globally.

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching St

Philosophy of Education Relating my reasons for becoming a teacher was not a very difficult task for me to secure this task I simply needed to reflect upon and describe slightly of my avouch personal experiences. I relied basically upon my memories and thoughts about my own educational experiences. However, describing my philosophy of education was much more difficult task for me to accomplish. set-back of all, before I could properly describe my philosophy, I realized I needed a running(a) definition of the conception of philosophy. My search for this working definition of the term philosophy led to besides look which provided further insight into viewpoints of various well-known philosophers some of whom we discussed in class. Therefore, the purpose of my research became twofold, the first purpose was to obtain a working definition of the concept of philosophy. The second purpose was to become more familiar with some of the ideas of a few well known philo sophers which would help me compare my own lines of thought with some of their viewpoints and help me conceptualize my own philosophy of teaching. As I stated before, my reasons for becoming a teacher were easy to identify and describe. beginning(a) of all, I have always very much enjoyed being approximately children of all ages and view teaching as the profession that go out pass on me to do something I truly enjoy. Secondly, I also strongly tactile property that in order to successfully teach in any discipline, one must be interested in, and be proficient in, the content of the discipline. Therefore, I chose the field of physical education primarily because of my lifelong interest in physical activities of all kinds and also because of my personal successes in the sport o... ...h nurture of strategies that will allow students to overcome their weaknesses to the fullest extent they can be. I go through that development of their strengths and strategies for overco ming their weaknesses will allow my students to develop self-knowledge and confidence in their own abilities, which in turn, will encourage them to make good choices passim their lives. I will strive to practice this above stated philosophy throughout my teaching career, and create risk reduced environments and also assignments such as this one. This assignment encouraged me to think deeper and connect with the thoughts of others and I always prepare that assignments that encourage deeper thought help me to develop further self-knowledge. Finally, I will always emphasize the importance of education and encourage its pursuit as a valuable lifelong mission for all.

superman for president Essay -- essays research papers

When we think of the office of President, what kind of person comes to mind? Does he perk up to be wise and make good decisions? Does he have to look good in a suit? Maybe he should dependable be a person that you trust in to advance The United States of America running smooth. Well if that is what you think of when you think of the President, my vista is all of that plus much more. Superman would be the perfect commander in chief of these United States.The first of my candidates multiple qualities is respect for the people. ancient presidentsdidnt have that characteristic. He realizes that the people come first, that is the whole role of becoming the president. Serving the citizen would be his number one priority. When he was works for a newspaper company, he used to secretly go push through and save peoples lives, putting his own life in danger. Rescuing old ladies from burning buildings, helping the police bring down any(prenominal) of the toughest villains, he even will get a cat stuck in a tree to come down.The second of my clients unceasing amount of outstanding qualities is his ability to make quick and precise decisions. We make a president that will not crack under the mechanical press of making an important choice for this country. The September 11th incident would be the perfect example. There is a better way to handle this than just bombing everywhere. If Superman were president the planes would have been stopped in their tracks and place safely on the ground. The economy is another area t...

Humanities’ Irrational and its Effects on a Utopian Society Essay

The benignant psyche is divided into rational and irrational number drives. Courtesy of Sigmund Freud, it is divided into the id, ego, and super-ego. According to Freud, although the super-ego controls the other two to present ourselves in a rational state within corporation, the id often tends to be protrude of complete control by the conscious, making it an unconscious action. For Freud, its the reference that the irrational is there, that it must be controlled to fruit over. Mans war-ridden nature does tend to overpower the mind, leading to irrational actions. Both Freuds Civilization and its Discontents and Dostoyevskys Notes from Underground show how humans are controlled by their irrational drives and that, as a result, the attempts to create a utopian society are futile. To take a different view of the irrational actions in humans, a cinematic frame of reference was introduced, Joss Whedons sci-fi film, Serenity tells of a civilization that has become controlled by aggr essive groups, the Alliance and the Reavers. Both factions take the form of an antagonistic society, maintaining a sense in fear in all those who go against or stand in their way. Actions to make a civilized society utopian leads to the creation of a dystopia due to humans irrational drives. Through his writing and research, Freud outlined that man was ab initio driven by his irrational impulses, specifically, his aggression. The aggression he was referring to pertained to mans primitive instincts. Freuds views and established philosophies shifted away from the previous Enlightenment ideologies of understanding of the mind. Freuds ideas contradicted the individuals essential goodness and rationality and sided with the fancy that the human mind was driven by irrati... ...id, and symbolizes the universe in its entireness of being a dystopian society. Thus concluding that actions to make a civilized society utopian leads to dystopian reactions due to mans irrational drives. This c laim being supported based on examples in the film Serenity, as well as theoretical support abstract from Freud and Dostoyevsky.Works CitedDostoyevsky, Fyodor. Notes from Underground. Lawall 1250-1327.Freud, Sigmund. Civilzation and Its Discontents. Lawall 1693-1699. Lawall, Sarah, ed. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. 8th ed. Vol. 2. New York Norton, 2006. Print. Perry, Marvin, ed. Western Civilization Ideas, Politics, and Society. 9th ed. capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin, 2009. Print.Serenity. Dir. Joss Whedon. Perf. Nathan Fillion, Gina Torres, Alan Tudyk, Morena Baccarin, and Adam Baldwin. Universal, 2005. DVD.

Rumors in Baldwins Notes of a Native Son Essay example -- James Baldw

RumorsWhen students across the United States study the 1940s, one main topic is centre on, innovation War II. Students learn that during the forties, Europe was war torn and the States displace its troops overseas to fight in some of the around infamous battles of the twentieth century. But what is left out of account statement lessons is what was sacking on American soil when the battles across the ocean were raging on. This ten-spot was a racially charged meter in American history, compensate though this fact is over shadowed by the Nazis of Ger many another(prenominal) in history books. some(prenominal) look sharp rebellions occurred in the forties. Even though they were equal in rage to the riots of the Civil Rights Movement in the sixsometies, many Americans forget the riots of the forties. The biggest and bloodiest race riot of the 1940s took place in Detroit, Michigan, in June of 1943. Several worldly concernations cover the riots, and no(prenominal) of the printed facts ever matched up until years later. This rioting resulted from a relation that flowed by means of urban center streets. The rumor and the riot that it caused destroyed an entire city and many human lives. James Baldwin emphasizes the historical significance of rumors and uses this theme in his essay, Notes of a native-born Son, to highlight the struggle toward equality.On June 21, the city of Detroit change integrity as racial tensions in conclusion reached their boiling point. Various news organizations, such as Time and Newsweek, covered the story. At the term of the riots, none of the inform accounts of the ascent matched. The most disputed facts were the discrepancies regarding why the riot started, the number of deaths and injuries, and the shoot time the riot began. Yet, most news sources reported that around six one hundred people were taken into cu... ...etimes these tensions exploded into riots, as in Detroit. Printed sources of the ti me record bits and pieces of varying data and left out other information. The public was finally beginning to become conscious of the racial inequalities in American cities. In addition, James Baldwin provided future generations a view of the injustices of the time.Works CitedBrown, Earl. The justness round the Detroit Riot. Harpers Magazine Nov. 1943 488-498.Deep Trouble. Time 28 Jun. 1943 19.Momboisse, Raymond M. Riots, Revolts and Insurrections. Springfield Charles C. Thomas, 1967.Notes of a Native Son. 1955. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.Persons Index Facts On File. 3 vols. New York Facts on File, Inc., 1943.Riotous Race Hate. Newsweek 28 Jun. 1943 42-43. Rumors in Baldwins Notes of a Native Son Essay example -- James BaldwRumorsWhen students across the United States study the 1940s, one main topic is focused on, World War II. Students learn that during the forties, Europe was wa r torn and America sent its troops overseas to fight in some of the most infamous battles of the twentieth century. But what is left out of history lessons is what was going on American soil when the battles across the ocean were raging on. This decade was a racially charged time in American history, even though this fact is over shadowed by the Nazis of Germany in history books. Several race riots occurred in the forties. Even though they were equal in violence to the riots of the Civil Rights Movement in the sixties, many Americans forget the riots of the forties. The biggest and bloodiest race riot of the 1940s took place in Detroit, Michigan, in June of 1943. Several publications covered the riots, and none of the printed facts ever matched up until years later. This rioting resulted from a rumor that flowed through city streets. The rumor and the riot that it caused destroyed an entire city and many human lives. James Baldwin emphasizes the historical significance of r umors and uses this theme in his essay, Notes of a Native Son, to highlight the struggle toward equality.On June 21, the city of Detroit exploded as racial tensions finally reached their boiling point. Various news organizations, such as Time and Newsweek, covered the story. At the time of the riots, none of the reported accounts of the uprising matched. The most disputed facts were the discrepancies regarding why the riot started, the number of deaths and injuries, and the exact time the riot began. Yet, most news sources reported that around six hundred people were taken into cu... ...etimes these tensions exploded into riots, as in Detroit. Printed sources of the time recorded bits and pieces of varying data and left out other information. The public was finally beginning to become conscious of the racial inequalities in American cities. In addition, James Baldwin provided future generations a view of the injustices of the time.Works CitedBrown, Earl. The Truth About the Detroit Riot. Harpers Magazine Nov. 1943 488-498.Deep Trouble. Time 28 Jun. 1943 19.Momboisse, Raymond M. Riots, Revolts and Insurrections. Springfield Charles C. Thomas, 1967.Notes of a Native Son. 1955. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.Persons Index Facts On File. 3 vols. New York Facts on File, Inc., 1943.Riotous Race Hate. Newsweek 28 Jun. 1943 42-43.

Plant Reproduction Essay -- essays research papers

Plants present two different ways to multiply. The first peerless is vegetative reproduction. With this type all the grafts that have the same p arnt have the same genetic make-up. This also lets plants pass adaptations on that they have abtained over the years. Plants with good genetic make-up usually spread quickly and take over an area. An example of this would be the dandelion. These plants can sprout from any dissociate of the plant. An example of this is the potato, farmers will pick the potatoes and cut them into small pieces and then plant them again so they may grow again. Scientists have also primed(p) a branch from one tree and place it on another(prenominal) one it is now possible to buy an apple tree with sestet different branches and six different types of apples. The more common way to reproduce is sexual reproduction. In order for this to happen gametes must be produced and fertilized. Seeds, fruits, and embryos must also be developed. The two main advantag es of reproducing this way are peeled genetic combinations and seeds spread over a large area. The following are the reproductive parts in this process. The first part is the flower, which has four types of modify leaves. The first one is the sepal, which protects the other parts of the plant. The second is the petal, which is located internal the sepal. These are normally bright in color to attract tool pollinators. The third is the stamen, which is the male or pollen producing substance. The stamen contains anthers, which is were poll...

MP3 :: essays research papers

MP3 theatre of operations MP3One of the most exciting and innovative ways to get symphony these days is not in the mall(a) and not at a huge mega electronic store, its not even by a hop out order CD club, it sits castigate on a desk and heap leave al cardinal you access to almost any kind of music available right in our home. Technology is changing the way we listen to music straightway d consumeloading an MP3 from the Internet is as on the loose(p) if not a lot easier than handout to the store and buying the CD. An MP3 is a near CD quality digital recording of a musical piece that is compressed so it burn be distributed through the mesh. It seems the high prices, new technology, and a big one is availability are causing most music lovers to turn to the internet to lister to their music. Its convenient to search a database for a song youve been scatty to hear by your favorite artist, download it, and copy it on to a CD. More and more pot are doing this because with the help of search engines its mathematical to find any song imaginable and download it for free. What most slew dont realize is that the reproduction of a musical work, distribution of copies of a musical piece, and the public performance of the work without the copyright owners consent are all violations of copyright laws. However, they do know that getting caught for the is very unlikely. Catching people who violate copyright laws is very hard to find out proficient who is a fault. Is it the web site promoting pirated music or is it the user who downloads it? Do to digital audio compression technologies and using special software that is quickly available and free on the internet, one can download a MPEG 1 layer 3 or MP3 for short, play the music on there computer and with read/write CDs, even make a CD of there own. That would mean people can from there own home create illegal copies of the copyrighted material at or near industrial compact disc quality. Now they even stand por table MP3 players so you dont even have to burn a CD, you can just download it to the player were it stores it digitally. Being so convenient and easy to do with such minimal risk of being punished the MP3 is bound to get bigger and bigger.